堆排序在是建立在完全二叉樹上的排序模型，在計算機中使用陣列實現。

背景知識：

• 完全二叉樹：除最後一層節點外，其他層節點都必須要有兩個子節點，並且最後一層節點都要左排列

• 大根堆：每個結點的值都大於或等於其左右孩子結點的值

** 堆的儲存**

我們預設使用陣列的1位置為起始位置，

下標為 i的結點的父結點為 (i - 1)/2 ; 左子結點(2i + 1) 右子結點(2i + 2)

核心程式碼

public static void heapSort(int[] arr) {
    if (arr == null || arr.length < 2) {
        return;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
        heapInsert(arr, i);
    }
    int size = arr.length;
    swap(arr, 0, --size);
    while (size > 0) {
        heapify(arr, 0, size);
        swap(arr, 0, --size);
    }
}

public static void heapInsert(int[] arr, int index) {
    while (arr[index] > arr[(index - 1) / 2]) {
        swap(arr, index, (index - 1) /2);
        index = (index - 1)/2 ;
    }
}

public static void heapify(int[] arr, int index, int size) {
    int left = index * 2 + 1;
    while (left < size) {
        int largest = left + 1 < size && arr[left + 1] > arr[left] ? left + 1 : left;
        largest = arr[largest] > arr[index] ? largest : index;
        if (largest == index) {
            break;
        }
        swap(arr, largest, index);
        index = largest;
        left = index * 2 + 1;
    }
}

public static void swap(int[] arr, int i, int j) {
    int tmp = arr[i];
    arr[i] = arr[j];
    arr[j] = tmp;
}
 

全部程式碼

package class02;

import java.util.Arrays;

public class Code03_HeapSort {

	public static void heapSort(int[] arr) {
		if (arr == null || arr.length < 2) {
			return;
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
			heapInsert(arr, i);
		}
		int size = arr.length;
		swap(arr, 0, --size);
		while (size > 0) {
			heapify(arr, 0, size);
			swap(arr, 0, --size);
		}
	}

	public static void heapInsert(int[] arr, int index) {
		while (arr[index] > arr[(index - 1) / 2]) {
			swap(arr, index, (index - 1) /2);
			index = (index - 1)/2 ;
		}
	}

	public static void heapify(int[] arr, int index, int size) {
		int left = index * 2 + 1;
		while (left < size) {
			int largest = left + 1 < size && arr[left + 1] > arr[left] ? left + 1 : left;
			largest = arr[largest] > arr[index] ? largest : index;
			if (largest == index) {
				break;
			}
			swap(arr, largest, index);
			index = largest;
			left = index * 2 + 1;
		}
	}

	public static void swap(int[] arr, int i, int j) {
		int tmp = arr[i];
		arr[i] = arr[j];
		arr[j] = tmp;
	}

	// for test
	public static void comparator(int[] arr) {
		Arrays.sort(arr);
	}

	// for test
	public static int[] generateRandomArray(int maxSize, int maxValue) {
		int[] arr = new int[(int) ((maxSize + 1) * Math.random())];
		for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
			arr[i] = (int) ((maxValue + 1) * Math.random()) - (int) (maxValue * Math.random());
		}
		return arr;
	}

	// for test
	public static int[] copyArray(int[] arr) {
		if (arr == null) {
			return null;
		}
		int[] res = new int[arr.length];
		for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
			res[i] = arr[i];
		}
		return res;
	}

	// for test
	public static boolean isEqual(int[] arr1, int[] arr2) {
		if ((arr1 == null && arr2 != null) || (arr1 != null && arr2 == null)) {
			return false;
		}
		if (arr1 == null && arr2 == null) {
			return true;
		}
		if (arr1.length != arr2.length) {
			return false;
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < arr1.length; i++) {
			if (arr1[i] != arr2[i]) {
				return false;
			}
		}
		return true;
	}

	// for test
	public static void printArray(int[] arr) {
		if (arr == null) {
			return;
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
			System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
		}
		System.out.println();
	}

	// for test
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		int testTime = 500000;
		int maxSize = 100;
		int maxValue = 100;
		boolean succeed = true;
		for (int i = 0; i < testTime; i++) {
			int[] arr1 = generateRandomArray(maxSize, maxValue);
			int[] arr2 = copyArray(arr1);
			heapSort(arr1);
			comparator(arr2);
			if (!isEqual(arr1, arr2)) {
				succeed = false;
				break;
			}
		}
		System.out.println(succeed ? "Nice!" : "Fucking fucked!");

		int[] arr = generateRandomArray(maxSize, maxValue);
		printArray(arr);
		heapSort(arr);
		printArray(arr);
	}

}