RTMPdump(libRTMP) 原始碼分析 8: 傳送訊息(Message)
阿新 • • 發佈:2019-02-11
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RTMPdump(libRTMP) 原始碼分析系列文章:
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函式呼叫結構圖
RTMPDump (libRTMP)的整體的函式呼叫結構圖如下圖所示。
詳細分析
之前寫了一系列的文章介紹RTMPDump各種函式。比如怎麼建立網路連線(NetConnection),怎麼建立網路流(NetStream)之類的,唯獨沒有介紹這些傳送或接收的資料,在底層到底是怎麼實現的。本文就是要剖析一下其內部的實現。即這些訊息(Message)到底是怎麼傳送和接收的。先來看看傳送訊息吧。
- 傳送connect命令使用函式SendConnectPacket()
- 傳送createstream命令使用RTMP_SendCreateStream()
- 傳送realeaseStream命令使用SendReleaseStream()
- 傳送publish命令使用SendPublish()
- 傳送deleteStream的命令使用SendDeleteStream()
- 傳送pause命令使用RTMP_SendPause()
不再一一例舉,發現函式命名有兩種規律:RTMP_Send***()或者Send***(),其中*號代表命令的名稱。
SendConnectPacket()這個命令是每次程式開始執行的時候傳送的第一個命令訊息,內容比較多,包含了很多AMF編碼的內容,在此不多做分析,貼上程式碼:
//傳送“connect”命令 static int SendConnectPacket(RTMP *r, RTMPPacket *cp) { RTMPPacket packet; char pbuf[4096], *pend = pbuf + sizeof(pbuf); char *enc; if (cp) return RTMP_SendPacket(r, cp, TRUE); packet.m_nChannel = 0x03; /* control channel (invoke) */ packet.m_headerType = RTMP_PACKET_SIZE_LARGE; packet.m_packetType = 0x14; /* INVOKE */ packet.m_nTimeStamp = 0; packet.m_nInfoField2 = 0; packet.m_hasAbsTimestamp = 0; packet.m_body = pbuf + RTMP_MAX_HEADER_SIZE; enc = packet.m_body; enc = AMF_EncodeString(enc, pend, &av_connect); enc = AMF_EncodeNumber(enc, pend, ++r->m_numInvokes); *enc++ = AMF_OBJECT; enc = AMF_EncodeNamedString(enc, pend, &av_app, &r->Link.app); if (!enc) return FALSE; if (r->Link.protocol & RTMP_FEATURE_WRITE) { enc = AMF_EncodeNamedString(enc, pend, &av_type, &av_nonprivate); if (!enc) return FALSE; } if (r->Link.flashVer.av_len) { enc = AMF_EncodeNamedString(enc, pend, &av_flashVer, &r->Link.flashVer); if (!enc) return FALSE; } if (r->Link.swfUrl.av_len) { enc = AMF_EncodeNamedString(enc, pend, &av_swfUrl, &r->Link.swfUrl); if (!enc) return FALSE; } if (r->Link.tcUrl.av_len) { enc = AMF_EncodeNamedString(enc, pend, &av_tcUrl, &r->Link.tcUrl); if (!enc) return FALSE; } if (!(r->Link.protocol & RTMP_FEATURE_WRITE)) { enc = AMF_EncodeNamedBoolean(enc, pend, &av_fpad, FALSE); if (!enc) return FALSE; enc = AMF_EncodeNamedNumber(enc, pend, &av_capabilities, 15.0); if (!enc) return FALSE; enc = AMF_EncodeNamedNumber(enc, pend, &av_audioCodecs, r->m_fAudioCodecs); if (!enc) return FALSE; enc = AMF_EncodeNamedNumber(enc, pend, &av_videoCodecs, r->m_fVideoCodecs); if (!enc) return FALSE; enc = AMF_EncodeNamedNumber(enc, pend, &av_videoFunction, 1.0); if (!enc) return FALSE; if (r->Link.pageUrl.av_len) { enc = AMF_EncodeNamedString(enc, pend, &av_pageUrl, &r->Link.pageUrl); if (!enc) return FALSE; } } if (r->m_fEncoding != 0.0 || r->m_bSendEncoding) { /* AMF0, AMF3 not fully supported yet */ enc = AMF_EncodeNamedNumber(enc, pend, &av_objectEncoding, r->m_fEncoding); if (!enc) return FALSE; } if (enc + 3 >= pend) return FALSE; *enc++ = 0; *enc++ = 0; /* end of object - 0x00 0x00 0x09 */ *enc++ = AMF_OBJECT_END; /* add auth string */ if (r->Link.auth.av_len) { enc = AMF_EncodeBoolean(enc, pend, r->Link.lFlags & RTMP_LF_AUTH); if (!enc) return FALSE; enc = AMF_EncodeString(enc, pend, &r->Link.auth); if (!enc) return FALSE; } if (r->Link.extras.o_num) { int i; for (i = 0; i < r->Link.extras.o_num; i++) { enc = AMFProp_Encode(&r->Link.extras.o_props[i], enc, pend); if (!enc) return FALSE; } } packet.m_nBodySize = enc - packet.m_body; //---------------- r->dlg->AppendMLInfo(20,1,"命令訊息","Connect"); //----------------------------- return RTMP_SendPacket(r, &packet, TRUE); }
RTMP_SendCreateStream()命令相對而言比較簡單,程式碼如下:
//傳送“createstream”命令
int
RTMP_SendCreateStream(RTMP *r)
{
RTMPPacket packet;
char pbuf[256], *pend = pbuf + sizeof(pbuf);
char *enc;
packet.m_nChannel = 0x03; /* control channel (invoke) */
packet.m_headerType = RTMP_PACKET_SIZE_MEDIUM;
packet.m_packetType = 0x14; /* INVOKE */
packet.m_nTimeStamp = 0;
packet.m_nInfoField2 = 0;
packet.m_hasAbsTimestamp = 0;
packet.m_body = pbuf + RTMP_MAX_HEADER_SIZE;
enc = packet.m_body;
enc = AMF_EncodeString(enc, pend, &av_createStream);
enc = AMF_EncodeNumber(enc, pend, ++r->m_numInvokes);
*enc++ = AMF_NULL; /* NULL */
packet.m_nBodySize = enc - packet.m_body;
//----------------
r->dlg->AppendMLInfo(20,1,"命令訊息","CreateStream");
//-----------------------------
return RTMP_SendPacket(r, &packet, TRUE);
}
同樣,SendReleaseStream()內容也比較簡單,我對其中部分內容作了註釋:
//傳送RealeaseStream命令
static int
SendReleaseStream(RTMP *r)
{
RTMPPacket packet;
char pbuf[1024], *pend = pbuf + sizeof(pbuf);
char *enc;
packet.m_nChannel = 0x03; /* control channel (invoke) */
packet.m_headerType = RTMP_PACKET_SIZE_MEDIUM;
packet.m_packetType = 0x14; /* INVOKE */
packet.m_nTimeStamp = 0;
packet.m_nInfoField2 = 0;
packet.m_hasAbsTimestamp = 0;
packet.m_body = pbuf + RTMP_MAX_HEADER_SIZE;
enc = packet.m_body;
//對“releaseStream”字串進行AMF編碼
enc = AMF_EncodeString(enc, pend, &av_releaseStream);
//對傳輸ID(0)進行AMF編碼?
enc = AMF_EncodeNumber(enc, pend, ++r->m_numInvokes);
//命令物件
*enc++ = AMF_NULL;
//對播放路徑字串進行AMF編碼
enc = AMF_EncodeString(enc, pend, &r->Link.playpath);
if (!enc)
return FALSE;
packet.m_nBodySize = enc - packet.m_body;
//----------------
r->dlg->AppendMLInfo(20,1,"命令訊息","ReleaseStream");
//-----------------------------
return RTMP_SendPacket(r, &packet, FALSE);
}
再來看一個SendPublish()函式,用於傳送“publish”命令
//傳送Publish命令
static int
SendPublish(RTMP *r)
{
RTMPPacket packet;
char pbuf[1024], *pend = pbuf + sizeof(pbuf);
char *enc;
//塊流ID為4
packet.m_nChannel = 0x04; /* source channel (invoke) */
packet.m_headerType = RTMP_PACKET_SIZE_LARGE;
//命令訊息,型別20
packet.m_packetType = 0x14; /* INVOKE */
packet.m_nTimeStamp = 0;
//流ID
packet.m_nInfoField2 = r->m_stream_id;
packet.m_hasAbsTimestamp = 0;
packet.m_body = pbuf + RTMP_MAX_HEADER_SIZE;
//指向Chunk的負載
enc = packet.m_body;
//對“publish”字串進行AMF編碼
enc = AMF_EncodeString(enc, pend, &av_publish);
enc = AMF_EncodeNumber(enc, pend, ++r->m_numInvokes);
//命令物件為空
*enc++ = AMF_NULL;
enc = AMF_EncodeString(enc, pend, &r->Link.playpath);
if (!enc)
return FALSE;
/* FIXME: should we choose live based on Link.lFlags & RTMP_LF_LIVE? */
enc = AMF_EncodeString(enc, pend, &av_live);
if (!enc)
return FALSE;
packet.m_nBodySize = enc - packet.m_body;
//----------------
r->dlg->AppendMLInfo(20,1,"命令訊息","Pulish");
//-----------------------------
return RTMP_SendPacket(r, &packet, TRUE);
}
其他的命令不再一一例舉,總體的思路是宣告一個RTMPPacket型別的結構體,然後設定各種屬性值,最後交給RTMP_SendPacket()進行傳送。
RTMPPacket型別的結構體定義如下,一個RTMPPacket對應RTMP協議規範裡面的一個塊(Chunk)。
//Chunk資訊
typedef struct RTMPPacket
{
uint8_t m_headerType;//ChunkMsgHeader的型別(4種)
uint8_t m_packetType;//Message type ID(1-7協議控制;8,9音視訊;10以後為AMF編碼訊息)
uint8_t m_hasAbsTimestamp; /* Timestamp 是絕對值還是相對值? */
int m_nChannel; //塊流ID
uint32_t m_nTimeStamp; // Timestamp
int32_t m_nInfoField2; /* last 4 bytes in a long header,訊息流ID */
uint32_t m_nBodySize; //訊息長度
uint32_t m_nBytesRead;
RTMPChunk *m_chunk;
char *m_body;
} RTMPPacket;
下面我們來看看RTMP_SendPacket()吧,各種的RTMPPacket(即各種Chunk)都需要用這個函式進行傳送。
//自己編一個數據報傳送出去!
//非常常用
int
RTMP_SendPacket(RTMP *r, RTMPPacket *packet, int queue)
{
const RTMPPacket *prevPacket = r->m_vecChannelsOut[packet->m_nChannel];
uint32_t last = 0;
int nSize;
int hSize, cSize;
char *header, *hptr, *hend, hbuf[RTMP_MAX_HEADER_SIZE], c;
uint32_t t;
char *buffer, *tbuf = NULL, *toff = NULL;
int nChunkSize;
int tlen;
//不是完整ChunkMsgHeader
if (prevPacket && packet->m_headerType != RTMP_PACKET_SIZE_LARGE)
{
/* compress a bit by using the prev packet's attributes */
//獲取ChunkMsgHeader的型別
//前一個Chunk和這個Chunk對比
if (prevPacket->m_nBodySize == packet->m_nBodySize
&& prevPacket->m_packetType == packet->m_packetType
&& packet->m_headerType == RTMP_PACKET_SIZE_MEDIUM)
packet->m_headerType = RTMP_PACKET_SIZE_SMALL;
if (prevPacket->m_nTimeStamp == packet->m_nTimeStamp
&& packet->m_headerType == RTMP_PACKET_SIZE_SMALL)
packet->m_headerType = RTMP_PACKET_SIZE_MINIMUM;
//上一個packet的TimeStamp
last = prevPacket->m_nTimeStamp;
}
if (packet->m_headerType > 3) /* sanity */
{
RTMP_Log(RTMP_LOGERROR, "sanity failed!! trying to send header of type: 0x%02x.",
(unsigned char)packet->m_headerType);
return FALSE;
}
//chunk包頭大小;packetSize[] = { 12, 8, 4, 1 }
nSize = packetSize[packet->m_headerType];
hSize = nSize; cSize = 0;
//相對的TimeStamp
t = packet->m_nTimeStamp - last;
if (packet->m_body)
{
//Header的Start
//m_body是指向負載資料首地址的指標;“-”號用於指標前移
header = packet->m_body - nSize;
//Header的End
hend = packet->m_body;
}
else
{
header = hbuf + 6;
hend = hbuf + sizeof(hbuf);
}
//當ChunkStreamID大於319時
if (packet->m_nChannel > 319)
//ChunkBasicHeader是3個位元組
cSize = 2;
//當ChunkStreamID大於63時
else if (packet->m_nChannel > 63)
//ChunkBasicHeader是2個位元組
cSize = 1;
if (cSize)
{
//header指標指向ChunkMsgHeader
header -= cSize;
//hsize加上ChunkBasicHeader的長度
hSize += cSize;
}
//相對TimeStamp大於0xffffff,此時需要使用ExtendTimeStamp
if (nSize > 1 && t >= 0xffffff)
{
header -= 4;
hSize += 4;
}
hptr = header;
//把ChunkBasicHeader的Fmt型別左移6位
c = packet->m_headerType << 6;
switch (cSize)
{
//把ChunkBasicHeader的低6位設定成ChunkStreamID
case 0:
c |= packet->m_nChannel;
break;
//同理,但低6位設定成000000
case 1:
break;
//同理,但低6位設定成000001
case 2:
c |= 1;
break;
}
//可以拆分成兩句*hptr=c;hptr++,此時hptr指向第2個位元組
*hptr++ = c;
//CSize>0,即ChunkBasicHeader大於1位元組
if (cSize)
{
//將要放到第2位元組的內容tmp
int tmp = packet->m_nChannel - 64;
//獲取低位儲存與第2位元組
*hptr++ = tmp & 0xff;
//ChunkBasicHeader是最大的3位元組時
if (cSize == 2)
//獲取高位儲存於最後1個位元組(注意:排序使用大端序列,和主機相反)
*hptr++ = tmp >> 8;
}
//ChunkMsgHeader。注意一共有4種,包含的欄位數不同。
//TimeStamp(3B)
if (nSize > 1)
{
//相對TimeStamp和絕對TimeStamp?
hptr = AMF_EncodeInt24(hptr, hend, t > 0xffffff ? 0xffffff : t);
}
//MessageLength+MessageTypeID(4B)
if (nSize > 4)
{
//MessageLength
hptr = AMF_EncodeInt24(hptr, hend, packet->m_nBodySize);
//MessageTypeID
*hptr++ = packet->m_packetType;
}
//MessageStreamID(4B)
if (nSize > 8)
hptr += EncodeInt32LE(hptr, packet->m_nInfoField2);
//ExtendedTimeStamp
if (nSize > 1 && t >= 0xffffff)
hptr = AMF_EncodeInt32(hptr, hend, t);
//負載長度,指向負載的指標
nSize = packet->m_nBodySize;
buffer = packet->m_body;
//Chunk大小,預設128位元組
nChunkSize = r->m_outChunkSize;
RTMP_Log(RTMP_LOGDEBUG2, "%s: fd=%d, size=%d", __FUNCTION__, r->m_sb.sb_socket,
nSize);
/* send all chunks in one HTTP request */
//使用HTTP
if (r->Link.protocol & RTMP_FEATURE_HTTP)
{
//nSize:Message負載長度;nChunkSize:Chunk長度;
//例nSize:307,nChunkSize:128;
//可分為(307+128-1)/128=3個
//為什麼+nChunkSize-1?因為除法會只取整數部分!
int chunks = (nSize+nChunkSize-1) / nChunkSize;
//Chunk個數超過一個
if (chunks > 1)
{
//注意:CSize=1表示ChunkBasicHeader是2位元組
//訊息分n塊後總的開銷:
//n個ChunkBasicHeader,1個ChunkMsgHeader,1個Message負載
//實際中只有第一個Chunk是完整的,剩下的只有ChunkBasicHeader
tlen = chunks * (cSize + 1) + nSize + hSize;
//分配記憶體
tbuf = (char *) malloc(tlen);
if (!tbuf)
return FALSE;
toff = tbuf;
}
//訊息的負載+頭
}
while (nSize + hSize)
{
int wrote;
//訊息負載<Chunk大小(不用分塊)
if (nSize < nChunkSize)
//Chunk可能小於設定值
nChunkSize = nSize;
RTMP_LogHexString(RTMP_LOGDEBUG2, (uint8_t *)header, hSize);
RTMP_LogHexString(RTMP_LOGDEBUG2, (uint8_t *)buffer, nChunkSize);
if (tbuf)
{
//void *memcpy(void *dest, const void *src, int n);
//由src指向地址為起始地址的連續n個位元組的資料複製到以dest指向地址為起始地址的空間內
memcpy(toff, header, nChunkSize + hSize);
toff += nChunkSize + hSize;
}
else
{
wrote = WriteN(r, header, nChunkSize + hSize);
if (!wrote)
return FALSE;
}
//訊息負載長度-Chunk負載長度
nSize -= nChunkSize;
//Buffer指標前移1個Chunk負載長度
buffer += nChunkSize;
hSize = 0;
//如果訊息沒有發完
if (nSize > 0)
{
//ChunkBasicHeader
header = buffer - 1;
hSize = 1;
if (cSize)
{
header -= cSize;
hSize += cSize;
}
//ChunkBasicHeader第1個位元組
*header = (0xc0 | c);
//ChunkBasicHeader大於1位元組
if (cSize)
{
int tmp = packet->m_nChannel - 64;
header[1] = tmp & 0xff;
if (cSize == 2)
header[2] = tmp >> 8;
}
}
}
if (tbuf)
{
//
int wrote = WriteN(r, tbuf, toff-tbuf);
free(tbuf);
tbuf = NULL;
if (!wrote)
return FALSE;
}
/* we invoked a remote method */
if (packet->m_packetType == 0x14)
{
AVal method;
char *ptr;
ptr = packet->m_body + 1;
AMF_DecodeString(ptr, &method);
RTMP_Log(RTMP_LOGDEBUG, "Invoking %s", method.av_val);
/* keep it in call queue till result arrives */
if (queue) {
int txn;
ptr += 3 + method.av_len;
txn = (int)AMF_DecodeNumber(ptr);
AV_queue(&r->m_methodCalls, &r->m_numCalls, &method, txn);
}
}
if (!r->m_vecChannelsOut[packet->m_nChannel])
r->m_vecChannelsOut[packet->m_nChannel] = (RTMPPacket *) malloc(sizeof(RTMPPacket));
memcpy(r->m_vecChannelsOut[packet->m_nChannel], packet, sizeof(RTMPPacket));
return TRUE;
}
這個函式乍一看好像非常複雜,其實不然,他只是按照RTMP規範將資料編碼成符合規範的塊(Chunk),規範可以參考相關的文件。
具體怎麼編碼成塊(Chunk)就不多分析了,在這裡需要注意一個函式:WriteN()。該函式完成了將資料傳送出去的功能。
來看一下WriteN()函式:
//傳送資料報的時候呼叫(連線,buffer,長度)
static int
WriteN(RTMP *r, const char *buffer, int n)
{
const char *ptr = buffer;
#ifdef CRYPTO
char *encrypted = 0;
char buf[RTMP_BUFFER_CACHE_SIZE];
if (r->Link.rc4keyOut)
{
if (n > sizeof(buf))
encrypted = (char *)malloc(n);
else
encrypted = (char *)buf;
ptr = encrypted;
RC4_encrypt2((RC4_KEY *)r->Link.rc4keyOut, n, buffer, ptr);
}
#endif
while (n > 0)
{
int nBytes;
//因方式的不同而呼叫不同函式
//如果使用的是HTTP協議進行連線
if (r->Link.protocol & RTMP_FEATURE_HTTP)
nBytes = HTTP_Post(r, RTMPT_SEND, ptr, n);
else
nBytes = RTMPSockBuf_Send(&r->m_sb, ptr, n);
/*RTMP_Log(RTMP_LOGDEBUG, "%s: %d\n", __FUNCTION__, nBytes); */
//成功傳送位元組數<0
if (nBytes < 0)
{
int sockerr = GetSockError();
RTMP_Log(RTMP_LOGERROR, "%s, RTMP send error %d (%d bytes)", __FUNCTION__,
sockerr, n);
if (sockerr == EINTR && !RTMP_ctrlC)
continue;
RTMP_Close(r);
n = 1;
break;
}
if (nBytes == 0)
break;
n -= nBytes;
ptr += nBytes;
}
#ifdef CRYPTO
if (encrypted && encrypted != buf)
free(encrypted);
#endif
return n == 0;
}
該函式中,RTMPSockBuf_Send()完成了資料傳送的功能,再來看看這個函式(函式呼叫真是好多啊。。。。)
//Socket傳送(指明套接字,buffer緩衝區,資料長度)
//返回所發資料量
int
RTMPSockBuf_Send(RTMPSockBuf *sb, const char *buf, int len)
{
int rc;
#ifdef _DEBUG
fwrite(buf, 1, len, netstackdump);
#endif
#if defined(CRYPTO) && !defined(NO_SSL)
if (sb->sb_ssl)
{
rc = TLS_write((SSL *)sb->sb_ssl, buf, len);
}
else
#endif
{
//向一個已連線的套介面傳送資料。
//int send( SOCKET s, const char * buf, int len, int flags);
//s:一個用於標識已連線套介面的描述字。
//buf:包含待發送資料的緩衝區。
//len:緩衝區中資料的長度。
//flags:呼叫執行方式。
//rc:所發資料量。
rc = send(sb->sb_socket, buf, len, 0);
}
return rc;
}
int
RTMPSockBuf_Close(RTMPSockBuf *sb)
{
#if defined(CRYPTO) && !defined(NO_SSL)
if (sb->sb_ssl)
{
TLS_shutdown((SSL *)sb->sb_ssl);
TLS_close((SSL *)sb->sb_ssl);
sb->sb_ssl = NULL;
}
#endif
return closesocket(sb->sb_socket);
}
到這個函式的時候,發現一層層的呼叫終於完成了,最後呼叫了系統Socket的send()函式完成了資料的傳送功能。