1. 程式人生 > >python—函數實例

python—函數實例

python

1.函數的定義

練習:判斷輸入的是不是一個數字

#!/usr/bin/env python
def isNum():
sth = raw_input("Please input something: ")
try:
if type(int(sth)) == type(1):
print "%s is a number" % sth
except Exception:
print "%s is not a number" % sth
isNum()



2.函數的參數

練習:判斷輸入的是不是一個數字

#!/usr/bin/env python
import sys
def isNum(s):
for i in s:
if i in "1234567890":
pass
else:
print "%s is not a number" % s
break
else:
print "%s is a number" % s
isNum(sys.argv[1])


3.函數的默認參數

listdir()函數

練習:判斷輸入的是不是一個數字

#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
def isNum(s):
for i in s:
if i in "1234567890":
pass
else:
break
else:
print s
for i in (os.listdir("/proc")):
isNum(i)


註:默認參數必須寫在後面

In [3]: def fun(x=1,y):
...:     print x+y
File "<ipython-input-3-3b7bae6400b0>", line 1
def fun(x=1,y):
SyntaxError: non-default argument follows default argument
In [4]: def fun(x,y=1):
...:     print x+y
...:
In [5]: fun(2)


4.1函數變量

練習:函數內部(局部)不能進行全局變量賦值等操作;如果申明成全局變量,才可以

#!/usr/bin/env python
x = 1
def fun():
global x
x+=1
print x
fun()
print x


結果:

2

2


練習2:把函數內部變量,申明成全局變量,外部也可以通過函數調用

#!/usr/bin/env python
x = 1
def fun():
global x
x += 1
global y
y = 3
print x
print y
fun()
print x
print y


結果:

2

3

2

3


練習3:locas() :統計變量,返回字典

#!/usr/bin/env python
x = 1
def fun():
x = 1
y = 1
print locals()
fun()
print locals()

結果:

{'y': 1, 'x': 1}
{'__builtins__': <module '__builtin__' (built-in)>, '__file__': '18.py', '__package__': None, 'x': 1, 'fun': <function fun at 0x7f53bc8938c0>, '__name__': '__main__', '__doc__': None}


5.函數返回值

練習1:默認返回none

#!/usr/bin/env python
def fun():
print "hello,world"
print fun()

結果:

hello,world

None


練習2:自定義return返回值,return之後的語句將不再執行

#!/usr/bin/env python
def fun():
print "hello,world"
return "heihei"
print "haha"
print fun()

結果:

hello,world

heihei


練習3:判斷輸入是否為數字

函數裏很少使用print,使用return,更加簡化

#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
def isNum(s):
for i in s:
if i not in "1234567890":
return False
return True
for i in (os.listdir("/proc")):
if isNum(i):
print i


練習4:isdigit()判斷輸入是否為數字

isdigit():判斷字符串是否為純數字(腳本更更簡化)

#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
def isNum(s):
if s.isdigit():
return True
return False
for i in (os.listdir("/proc")):
if isNum(i):
print i


6.多類型傳值(元組或字典)和冗余參數

一個元組只表示一個參數;元組加一個*,則可以把元組中的元素作為參數,傳到腳本中;帶參數的元組只能放在後面,否則有語法錯誤

練習1:

In [2]: def fun(x,y,z):
...:     print x + y +z
...:
In [3]: a = [1,2]
In [4]: fun(3,*a)
6


報錯:

In [5]: fun(*a,3)

File "<ipython-input-5-8a9ea4381ff5>", line 1

fun(*a,3)

SyntaxError: only named arguments may follow *expression


練習2:

字典傳參(形參名和實參名一致,位置無所謂)

In [8]: def fun(x,y,z):
...:     print x + y +z
...:
In [9]: a = {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}
In [10]: fun(**a)
6

或者:

In [11]: fun(x=1,y=2,z=3)

6


練習3:

In [1]: def fun(x,*argv,**kwargv):
...:         print x
...:         print argv
...:         print kwargv
...:
In [2]: fun(1)
1
()
{}

練習4:

以等號或字典形式

In [6]: def fun(x,*argv,**kwargv):
...:         print x
...:         print argv
...:         print kwargv
...:
In [7]: t = [1,2]
In [8]: fun(1,2,"a",*t,y=1,**{"b":1,"c":2})
1
(2, 'a', 1, 2)
{'y': 1, 'c': 2, 'b': 1}

7.函數的遞歸調用(函數調用本身)

條件:

1)必須有最後的默認結果,即if n == 0

2)遞歸參數必須向默認結果收斂,即factorial(n-1)

練習:階乘,n乘以f(n-1)

#!/usr/bin/env python
def factorial(n):
if n == 0:
return 1
else:
return n * factorial(n-1)
print factorial(5)


結果:

120


練習2:累加,n加f(n-1)

#!/usr/bin/env python
def factorial(n):
if n == 0:
return 0
else:
return n + factorial(n-1)
print factorial(5)

結果:

15



python—函數實例