1. 程式人生 > 實用技巧 >vue框架之元件通訊及插槽簡介等相關內容-113

vue框架之元件通訊及插槽簡介等相關內容-113

1 定義區域性元件

2 元件編寫方式與Vue例項的區別

1 自定義元件需要有一個root element,一般包裹在一個div中,跟vue例項一樣
2 父子元件的data是無法共享
3 元件可以有data,methods,computed....,但是data 必須是一個函式
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<script src="js/vue.js"></script>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="box">
<navbar></navbar>
{{aa}}
</div>

</body>
<script>
Vue.component('navbar', {
template: `
<div>
<button @click="handleClick">返回</button>
我是NavBar{{aa}}
<button style="background: red">主頁</button>
<br>
<child></child>
</div>
`,
methods: {
handleClick() {
console.log('nav nav')
},
},
components: {
child: {
template: `<button>兒子</button>`,
}
},
data() {
return {
aa: 'lqz'
}
},
})
var vm = new Vue({
el: '#box',
data: {
isShow: true,
},
methods: {
handleClick() {
console.log('根元件我被點選了')
}
},
})

</script>
</html>

3 元件通訊之父傳子通訊

1 父子通訊
2 在全域性元件上自定義屬性
<navbar myname="lqz" age="18"></navbar>
3 在元件中獲取
props: ['myname','age'] #myname=lqz age=18

4 區分開這兩種賦值方式
<navbar myname="lqz" age="18"></navbar>
<navbar :myname="'ffff'" age="19"></navbar>
<navbar :myname="name" age="19"></navbar>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<script src="js/vue.js"></script>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="box">
<!--myname是自定義屬性-->
<navbar myname="lqz" age="18"></navbar>
<navbar :myname="'ffff'" age="19"></navbar>
</div>
</body>
<script>
Vue.component('navbar', {
template: `
<div>
<button @click="handleClick">返回</button>
我是NavBar---{{age}}
<button style="background: red">{{myname}}</button>
</div>
`,
props: ['myname','age']
})

var vm = new Vue({
el: '#box',
data: {
name: 'xxx',
},
})

</script>
</html>

屬性驗證

1 限制父傳子的變數型別
props: {
myname:String,
isshow:Boolean
}
2 父傳子時注意以下的區別
<navbar myname="lqz" :isshow="isshow"></navbar>
<navbar myname="lqz" :isshow="false"></navbar>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<script src="js/vue.js"></script>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<div id="box">
<!--myname是自定義屬性-->
<!-- <navbar myname="lqz" isshow="false"></navbar>-->
<navbar myname="lqz" :isshow="isshow"></navbar>
<navbar myname="lqz" :isshow="false"></navbar>

</div>


</body>
<script>
Vue.component('navbar', {
template: `
<div>
<button>返回</button>
我是NavBar---{{isshow}}
<button style="background: red">{{myname}}</button>
</div>
`,
props: {
myname:String,
isshow:Boolean
}
})

var vm = new Vue({
el: '#box',
data: {
name: 'xxx',
isshow:true,
},
})

</script>
</html>

4 元件通訊之子父通訊

1 通過事件實現:
點選一下子元件,就會觸發父元件某個函式的執行
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<script src="js/vue.js"></script>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<div id="box">
<navbar @myevent="handleClick"></navbar>
</div>
</body>
<script>
Vue.component('navbar', {
template: `
<div>
<button @click="handleNav">點我,觸發父元件的某個函式執行</button>
</div>
`,
data(){
return {
name:'lqz'
}
},
methods:{
handleNav(){
console.log('我是nav的函式,我執行了')
this.$emit('myevent',100,this.name,99)
}
}
})
var vm = new Vue({
el: '#box',
data: {
},
methods:{
handleClick(ev,a,b){
console.log('我是父元件的函式,我執行了')
console.log(ev)
console.log(a)
console.log(b)
}
}


})


</script>
</html>

小案例

子元件有一個按鈕,有一個輸入框,當輸入完內容,點選按鈕,資料在父元件中展示

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<script src="js/vue.js"></script>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<div id="box">
<child @myevent="handle"></child>
<hr>
{{name}}
</div>

</body>
<script>
Vue.component('child', {
template: `
<div>
<input type="text" v-model="mytext">
<button @click="handleClick">點我</button>
</div>
`,
data() {
return {
mytext: ''
}
},
methods: {
handleClick() {
this.$emit('myevent', this.mytext)
}
}
})
var vm = new Vue({
el: '#box',
data: {
name: ''
},
methods: {
handle(a) {
this.name = a
}
}
})
</script>
</html>

5 ref屬性(也可實現元件間通訊,子父,父子都可以使用)

ref放在標籤上,拿到的是原生節點
ref放在元件上,拿到的是元件物件,
通過這種方式實現子傳父(this.$refs.mychild.text)
通過這種方式實現父傳子(呼叫子元件方法傳引數)

使用

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<script src="js/vue.js"></script>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<div id="box">
<input type="text" ref="myref">

<child ref="mychild"></child>
<hr>
<button @click="handleButton">點我</button>
</div>

</body>
<script>
Vue.component('child', {
template: `
<div>
<input type="text" v-model="mytext">
<hr>
我是子元件的input
</div>
`,
data() {
return {
mytext: ''
}
},
methods:{
add(a){
console.log('我是子元件的add方法')
console.log(a)
return '返回了'
}
}
})

var vm = new Vue({
el: '#box',
data: {
name: 'asdf'
},
methods: {
handle(a) {
this.name = a
},
handleButton(){
console.log(this.$refs.mychild.mytext)
console.log(this.$refs.mychild.add(this.name))
}
}


})


</script>
</html>

6 事件匯流排

 不同層級的不通元件通訊
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<script src="js/vue.js"></script>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<div id="box">

<child1></child1>
<hr>
<child2></child2>

</div>

</body>
<script>

//定義一個事件匯流排
var bus=new Vue()


//元件1
Vue.component('child1', {
template: `
<div>
<input type="text" v-model="text">
<button @click="handleClick">點我傳遞資料到另一個元件</button>
</div>
`,
data() {
return {
text: ''
}
},
methods: {
handleClick() {
console.log(this.text)
bus.$emit('suibian',this.text) //通過事件匯流排傳送
}
}
})
//元件2
Vue.component('child2', {
template: `
<div>
收到的訊息是:{{recv_text}}
</div>
`,
data(){
return {
recv_text:''
}
},
mounted(){//元件掛載(生命週期鉤子函式中的一個),開始監聽事件總線上的隨便
bus.$on('suibian',(item)=>{
console.log('收到了',item)
this.recv_text=item
})

},
})

var vm = new Vue({
el: '#box',
data: {},

})


</script>
</html>

7 動態元件

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<script src="js/vue.js"></script>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<div id="box">

<ul>
<li @click="who='child1'">首頁</li>
<li @click="who='child2'">商品</li>
<li @click="who='child3'">訂單</li>
</ul>
<!--<component :is="who"></component>-->
<keep-alive>
<component :is="who"></component>
</keep-alive>
</div>

</body>
<script>

var vm = new Vue({
el: '#box',
data: {
who: 'child1'
},
components: {
child1: {
template: `
<div>我是首頁
<input type="text">
</div>
`,
},
child2: {
template: `
<div>我是商品 </div>
`,
},
child3: {
template: `
<div>我是訂單 </div>
`,
}
}
})
</script>
</html>

8 slot插槽

8.1 基本使用

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<script src="js/vue.js"></script>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<div id="box">
<child1>
<ul>
<li v-for="i in 4">{{i}}</li>
</ul>
</child1>
<hr>
<child2></child2>
<hr>
<child3></child3>
</div>

</body>
<script>

var vm = new Vue({
el: '#box',
data: {
who: 'child1'
},
components: {
child1: {
template: `

<div>


<slot></slot>
<hr>
我是首頁

<input type="text">

</div>
`,

},
child2: {
template: `
<div>我是商品 </div>
`,

},
child3: {
template: `
<div>我是訂單 </div>
`,

}
}

})


</script>
</html>

8.2 插槽案例(一個元件通過插槽控制另一個元件的顯示隱藏)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<script src="js/vue.js"></script>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<div id="box">
<child1>
<button @click="isShow=!isShow">點我隱藏child2</button>
</child1>
<hr>
<child2 v-if="isShow"></child2>
</div>

</body>
<script>

var vm = new Vue({
el: '#box',
data: {
isShow: true,
},
components: {
child1: {
template: `

<div>
<slot></slot>
</div>
`,

},
child2: {
template: `
<div>
<ul>
<li v-for="i in 4">{{i}}</li>
</ul>
</div>
`,

},
}

})


</script>
</html>

8.3 具名插槽(指定標籤放到元件的某個插槽中)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<script src="js/vue.js"></script>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<div id="box">
<child1>
<button @click="isShow=!isShow" slot="button1">點我隱藏child2</button>

<div slot="div1">我是div</div>
</child1>
<hr>
<child2 v-if="isShow"></child2>
</div>

</body>
<script>

var vm = new Vue({
el: '#box',
data: {
isShow: true,
},
components: {
child1: {
template: `

<div>
<slot name="button1"></slot>
<hr>
我是華麗的分割線
<hr>
<slot name="div1"></slot>
</div>
`,

},
child2: {
template: `
<div>
<ul>
<li v-for="i in 4">{{i}}</li>
</ul>
</div>
`,

},
}

})


</script>
</html>