Oracle 單例項 遷移到 RAC 例項 -- 使用RMAN 異機恢復
Oracle 官網有關單例項遷移到RAC的一個步驟說明：
How to Convert 10g Single-Instance database to 10g RAC using Manual Conversion procedure [ID 747457.1]
RMAN 備份異機恢復並建立新DBID
一. 大致操作步驟如下：
1. 安裝Clusterware 和 ASM 例項
2. 備份源庫，並將備份集copy到rac 節點上
3. 在RAC 上還原並修改初始化引數檔案，還原控制檔案和資料檔案
4.增加undo
表空間和redo log
5.配置RAC監聽
6. 將資料庫等資源新增到CRS
注意：遷移的2個db版本版本要一致。包括小版本。比如10.2.0.4.0.
我這個測試的時候是從10.2.0.1.0 遷移到10.2.0.4.0. 結果在open resetlogs的時候報錯了，必須要先升級後，才能開啟。
Redhat 5.4 Orcle RAC 資料庫從10.2.0.1升級到 10.2.0.4
二. 具體操作步驟
2.1 安裝Clusterware 和ASM 例項
這個參考Blog：
Redhat 5.4 Oracle 10g RAC Openfiler+Multipath + RAW+ ASM
安裝之後的程序如下：
[[email protected] u01]$ sh crs_stat.sh
NameTargetStateHost
------------------------------ ---------- ----------------
ora.rac1.ASM1.asmONLINEONLINErac1
ora.rac1.gsdONLINEONLINErac1
ora.rac1.ons ONLINEONLINErac1
ora.rac1.vipONLINEONLINErac1
ora.rac2.ASM2.asmONLINEONLINErac2
ora.rac2.gsdONLINEONLINErac2
ora.rac2.ons ONLINEONLINErac2
ora.rac2.vipONLINEONLINErac2
2.2 在源庫用RMAN 備份，並將備份檔案copy到rac上
相關備份指令碼，參考Blog：
Linux 平臺下 RMAN 全備 和增量備份 shell 指令碼
Nocatalog 下的RMAN 增量備份 shell指令碼
源庫例項名：anqing，為了確認遷移成功，我們現在源庫上建立一個表dave，並插入一條記錄。
SQL> create table dave(id number,hometown varchar2(100));
Table created.
SQL> insert into dave values(1,'安徽省安慶市懷寧縣');
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
用nocatalog 方式進行0級備份。
備份之後的資訊如下：
RMAN> list backup summary;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
List of Backups
===============
KeyTY LV S Device Type Completion Time #Pieces #Copies Compressed Tag
------- -- -- - ----------- --------------- ------- ------- ---------- ---
1B0A DISK23-MAY-1211NOANQING_LEV0
2B0A DISK23-MAY-1211NOANQING_LEV0
5B0A DISK23-MAY-1211 NOANQING_LEV0
6B0A DISK23-MAY-1211NOANQING_LEV0
7BAA DISK23-MAY-1211NOARC_BAK
8BAA DISK23-MAY-1211NOARC_BAK
9BFA DISK23-MAY-1211NOBAK_CTLFILE
10BFA DISK23-MAY-1211NOSPFILE
注：我虛擬機器上的系統時間沒改，所以這裡顯示的時間是2012年5月23日。
將備份檔案SCP 到RAC 伺服器：
[[email protected] backup]$ scp * 192.168.2.42:/u01/backup
[email protected]'s password:
anqing_lev0_01nbo3f3_1_1_20120523100%350MB1.8MB/s03:14
anqing_lev0_02nbo3f3_1_1_20120523100%142MB2.7MB/s 00:53
anqing_lev0_03nbo3f3_1_1_20120523100%21MB3.1MB/s00:07
anqing_lev0_04nbo3f4_1_1_20120523100%376KB 376.0KB/s00:00
anqing_spfile_0anbo3jl_1_1_20120523100%96KB96.0KB/s00:00
arch_07nbo3je_1_1_20120523100%28MB3.1MB/s00:09
arch_08nbo3je_1_1_20120523100% 25602.5KB/s00:00
ctl_file_09nbo3jk_1_1_20120523100% 6944KB3.4MB/s00:02
2.3 還原並修改初始化檔案
2.3.1 還原spfile 到pfile
[[email protected] ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=anqing1
[[email protected] ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed May 18 22:54:27 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.All rights reserved.
connected to target database (not started)
RMAN> startup nomount
startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initanqing1.ora'
starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrival of spfile
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area159383552 bytes
Fixed Size1266344 bytes
Variable Size58723672 bytes
Database Buffers96468992 bytes
Redo Buffers2924544 bytes
RMAN> restore spfile to pfile '/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initanqing1.ora'
2> from '/u01/backup/anqing_spfile_0anbo3jl_1_1_20120523';
Starting restore at 18-MAY-11
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=33 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: autobackup found: /u01/backup/anqing_spfile_0anbo3jl_1_1_20120523
channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from autobackup complete
Finished restore at 18-MAY-11
RMAN>
看一下我們剛才恢復的引數檔案：
[[email protected] backup]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/
[[email protected] dbs]$
[[email protected] dbs]$ ls
ab_+ASM1.dathc_anqing.dathc_dave1.datinitanqing.orainit.oraorapw+ASM1
ab_+ASM2.dathc_+ASM1.dathc_rac1.datinit+ASM1.orainit.ora.4122011215823snapcf_dave1.f
core_10447hc_+ASM2.dathc_rac2.datinitdw.orainitrac1.oraspfilerac1.ora
[[email protected] dbs]$ cat initanqing.ora
anqing.__db_cache_size=96468992
anqing.__java_pool_size=4194304
anqing.__large_pool_size=4194304
anqing.__shared_pool_size=58720256
anqing.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/anqing/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/anqing/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/anqing/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/anqing/control02.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/anqing/control03.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/anqing/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='anqing'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=anqingXDB)'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=16777216
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=167772160
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/anqing/udump'
這裡面都是單例項的引數，我們需要把這個改成RAC的引數。
2.3.2 檢視ASM 例項的相關目錄資訊
[[email protected] ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1
[[email protected] ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba;
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed May 18 23:09:32 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
[email protected]+ASM1(rac1)> col state format a10
[email protected]+ASM1(rac1)> col name format a15
[email protected]+ASM1(rac1)> col failgroup format a20
[email protected]+ASM1(rac1)> set line 200
[email protected]+ASM1(rac1)>selectstate,redundancy,total_mb,free_mb,name,failgroup from v$asm_disk;
STATEREDUNDATOTAL_MBFREE_MB NAMEFAILGROUP
---------- ------- ---------- ---------- --------------- --------------------
NORMALUNKNOWN1199310088 DATADATA
NORMALUNKNOWN799338 FRA_0000FRA_0000
[email protected]+ASM1(rac1)> selectgroup_number,name,state,type,total_mb,free_mb,unbalancedfrom v$asm_diskgroup;
GROUP_NUMBER NAMESTATETYPETOTAL_MBFREE_MB U
------------ --------------- ---------- ------ ---------- ---------- -
1 DATA MOUNTEDEXTERN1199310088 N
2 FRAMOUNTEDEXTERN799338 N
使用ASMCMD命令：
[[email protected] ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1
[[email protected] ~]$ asmcmd
ASMCMD> help
asmcmd [-p] [command]
The environment variables ORACLE_HOME and ORACLE_SID determine the
instance to which the program connects, and ASMCMD establishes a
bequeath connection to it, in the same manner as a SQLPLUS / AS
SYSDBA.The user must be a member of the SYSDBA group.
Specifying the -p option allows the current directory to be displayed
in the command prompt, like so:
ASMCMD [+DATAFILE/ORCL/CONTROLFILE] >
[command] specifies one of the following commands, along with its
parameters.
Type "help [command]" to get help on a specific ASMCMD command.
commands:
--------
cd
du
find
help
ls
lsct
lsdg
mkalias
mkdir
pwd
rm
rmalias
ASMCMD> ls
DATA/
FRA/
-- 這個是我們的兩個磁碟組
ASMCMD> cd DATA
ASMCMD> ls
DAVE/
DB_UNKNOWN/
RAC/
-- 每個例項都對應一個目錄，如果我們在建立引數的時候，沒有這個目錄，可以手工的先建立一下這個目錄
ASMCMD> cd ..
ASMCMD> ls
DATA/
FRA/
ASMCMD> cd FRA
ASMCMD> ls
DAVE/
RAC/
ASMCMD>
2.3.3 修改初始話引數
注意事項：
（1）RMAN 異機恢復的db_name 必須和備份的一致，如果說想改成其他名稱，可以等還原之後，在用nid 命令修改。
（2）控制檔案需要指定到共享裝置上
（3）檢查audit_file_dest，background_dump_dest， core_dump_dest，log_archive_dest_1，user_dump_dest等引數的位置。 如果2個節點和共享位置沒有對應的目錄，先把目錄建好。
[[email protected] admin]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/admin
[[email protected] admin]$ mkdir anqing
[[email protected] admin]$ ls
anqing+ASMrac
[[email protected] admin]$ cd anqing
[[email protected] anqing]$ mkdir adump
[[email protected] anqing]$ mkdir bdump
[[email protected] anqing]$ mkdir cdump
[[email protected] anqing]$ mkdir dpdump
[[email protected] anqing]$ mkdir hdump
[[email protected] anqing]$ mkdir pfile
[[email protected] anqing]$ mkdir udump
[[email protected] anqing]$ ll
total 28
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 May 18 23:40 adump
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 May 18 23:40 bdump
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 May 18 23:40 cdump
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 May 18 23:41 dpdump
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 May 18 23:41 hdump
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 May 18 23:41 pfile
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 May 18 23:41 udump
之前一個RAC 環境的ASM 目錄如下，我們可以參考這個目錄來建：
ASMCMD> ls
DATA/
FRA/
ASMCMD> cd DATA
-- 看下DATA目錄下的目錄層級
ASMCMD> ls
RAC/
ASMCMD> cd RAC
ASMCMD> ls
CONTROLFILE/
DATAFILE/
TEMPFILE/
ONLINELOG/
PARAMETERFILE/
spfilerac.ora
ASMCMD> cd CONTROLFILE
ASMCMD> ls
Current.260.746634201
ASMCMD> cd ..
ASMCMD> cd DATAFILE
ASMCMD> ls
SYSAUX.257.746634087
SYSTEM.256.746634087
UNDOTBS1.258.746634089
UNDOTBS2.264.746634255
USERS.259.746634089
ASMCMD> cd ..
ASMCMD> cd TEMPFILE
ASMCMD> ls
TEMP.263.746634229
ASMCMD> cd ..
ASMCMD> ls
CONTROLFILE/
DATAFILE/
TEMPFILE/
spfilerac.ora
ASMCMD> cd ..
ASMCMD> cd ..
ASMCMD> ls
DATA/
FRA/
ASMCMD> cd FRA
--看下FRA 目錄下的層級
ASMCMD> ls
RAC/
ASMCMD> cd RAC
ASMCMD> ls
1_95_746989315.arc
1_96_746989315.arc
CONTROLFILE/
--歸檔檔案因為我指定到這個目錄了，所以限制在這裡，這裡可以在建一個目錄，專門存放歸檔檔案
ASMCMD> cd CONTROLFILE
ASMCMD> ls
Current.256.746634203
ASMCMD>
官網文件說明需要新增如下引數：
*.cluster_database = TRUE
*.cluster_database_instances = 2
*.undo_management=AUTO
<SID1>.undo_tablespace=undotbs (undo tablespace which already exists)
<SID1>.instance_name=<SID1>
<SID1>.instance_number=1
<SID1>.thread=1
<SID1>.local_listener=<LISTENERNAME>_<HOSTNAME1>
<SID2>.instance_name=<SID2>
<SID2>.instance_number=2
<SID2>.local_listener=<LISTENERNAME>_<HOSTNAME2>
<SID2>.thread=2
<SID2>.undo_tablespace=UNDOTBS2
<SID2>.cluster_database = TRUE