一大早起來開啟sqlplus的時候，發現數據庫啟動不了，並且出現下面的錯誤：

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Aug 17 09:04:48 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Enter user-name: sh
Enter password:
ERROR:
ORA-01033: ORACLE initialization or shutdown in progress
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0
 

         這個錯誤的描述不太精確，需要進一步確認錯誤產生的原因。為此我通過CMD啟動sqlplus通過SYS使用者登入資料庫。

C:\Users\asus>sqlplus/nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期六 8月 17 08:55:12 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> conn sys/[email protected] as sysdba;
已連線。
SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01109: 資料庫未開啟


已經解除安裝資料庫。
ORACLE 例程已經關閉。
 

         也就是說，資料庫果然是由於某些原因而無法開啟。為此，試著開啟資料庫，看看是什麼錯誤造成的。

SQL> startup
ORACLE 例程已經啟動。

Total System Global Area  644468736 bytes
Fixed Size                  1376520 bytes
Variable Size             268439288 bytes
Database Buffers          369098752 bytes
Redo Buffers                5554176 bytes
資料庫裝載完畢。
ORA-38760: 此資料庫例項無法啟用閃回資料庫
 

           那又是什麼原因讓資料庫例項無法啟動閃回資料庫呢？這是，我想到了資料庫啟動或關閉的所有錯誤都會記錄在後臺報警日誌檔案中。為此，下一步，應該去檢視後臺報警日誌檔案，檢視詳細的錯誤資訊。後臺警報日誌檔案就是background_dump_test路徑下的alert_SID.log檔案.把檔案拉到後面就可以看到最近的警報記錄。

SQL> show parameter BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
background_dump_dest                 string      d:\app\asus\diag\rdbms\test\te
                                                 st\trace

下面是後臺警報日誌檔案對於本次啟動報錯的描述：

Starting up:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options.
Using parameter settings in server-side spfile D:\APP\ASUS\PRODUCT\11.2.0\DBHOME_1\DATABASE\SPFILETEST.ORA
System parameters with non-default values:
  processes                = 150
  nls_language             = "AMERICAN"
  nls_territory            = "CHINA"
  nls_date_format          = "yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss"
  memory_target            = 1G
  control_files            = "D:\APP\ASUS\ORADATA\TEST\CONTROL01.CTL"
  control_files            = "D:\APP\ASUS\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\TEST\CONTROL02.CTL"
  db_block_size            = 8192
  compatible               = "11.2.0.0.0"
  log_archive_format       = "ARC%S_%R.%T"
  db_recovery_file_dest    = "D:\app\asus\flash_recovery_area"
  db_recovery_file_dest_size= 3852M
  db_flashback_retention_target= 1440
  undo_tablespace          = "UNDOTBS1"
  undo_retention           = 900
  remote_login_passwordfile= "EXCLUSIVE"
  db_domain                = ""
  dispatchers              = "(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=TESTXDB)"
  audit_file_dest          = "D:\APP\ASUS\ADMIN\TEST\ADUMP"
  audit_trail              = "DB"
  db_name                  = "TEST"
  open_cursors             = 300
  diagnostic_dest          = "D:\APP\ASUS"
Sat Aug 17 08:56:14 2013
PMON started with pid=2, OS id=5952 
Sat Aug 17 08:56:14 2013
VKTM started with pid=3, OS id=4924 at elevated priority
Sat Aug 17 08:56:14 2013
GEN0 started with pid=4, OS id=3128 
VKTM running at (10)millisec precision with DBRM quantum (100)ms
Sat Aug 17 08:56:14 2013
DIAG started with pid=5, OS id=4304 
Sat Aug 17 08:56:14 2013
DBRM started with pid=6, OS id=4048 
Sat Aug 17 08:56:14 2013
PSP0 started with pid=7, OS id=3544 
Sat Aug 17 08:56:14 2013
DIA0 started with pid=8, OS id=5484 
Sat Aug 17 08:56:14 2013
MMAN started with pid=9, OS id=6036 
Sat Aug 17 08:56:14 2013
DBW0 started with pid=10, OS id=4192 
Sat Aug 17 08:56:14 2013
LGWR started with pid=11, OS id=5880 
Sat Aug 17 08:56:14 2013
CKPT started with pid=12, OS id=5804 
Sat Aug 17 08:56:15 2013
SMON started with pid=13, OS id=1964 
Sat Aug 17 08:56:15 2013
RECO started with pid=14, OS id=1900 
Sat Aug 17 08:56:15 2013
MMON started with pid=15, OS id=2072 
Sat Aug 17 08:56:15 2013
MMNL started with pid=16, OS id=4412 
starting up 1 dispatcher(s) for network address '(ADDRESS=(PARTIAL=YES)(PROTOCOL=TCP))'...
starting up 1 shared server(s) ...
ORACLE_BASE from environment = D:\app\asus
Sat Aug 17 08:56:15 2013
ALTER DATABASE   MOUNT
Successful mount of redo thread 1, with mount id 2121853871
Allocated 3981204 bytes in shared pool for flashback generation buffer
Starting background process RVWR
Sat Aug 17 08:56:20 2013
RVWR started with pid=20, OS id=3680 
Can not open flashback thread because there is no more space in flash recovery area
Database mounted in Exclusive Mode
Lost write protection disabled
Completed: ALTER DATABASE   MOUNT
Sat Aug 17 08:56:22 2013
ALTER DATABASE OPEN
Errors in file d:\app\asus\diag\rdbms\test\test\trace\test_ora_5552.trc:
ORA-38760: 此資料庫例項無法啟用閃回資料庫
ORA-38760 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE OPEN...
Sat Aug 17 09:11:18 2013
Errors in file d:\app\asus\diag\rdbms\test\test\trace\test_m000_5136.trc:
ORA-19815: WARNING: db_recovery_file_dest_size of 4039114752 bytes is 99.92% used, and has 3282432 remaining bytes available.
************************************************************************
You have following choices to free up space from recovery area:
1. Consider changing RMAN RETENTION POLICY. If you are using Data Guard,
   then consider changing RMAN ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY.
2. Back up files to tertiary device such as tape using RMAN
   BACKUP RECOVERY AREA command.
3. Add disk space and increase db_recovery_file_dest_size parameter to
   reflect the new space.
4. Delete unnecessary files using RMAN DELETE command. If an operating
   system command was used to delete files, then use RMAN CROSSCHECK and
   DELETE EXPIRED commands.
************************************************************************

       從上面的語句可以看出是閃回恢復區的空間快用完了，所以資料庫啟動不了。為此，首要任務應該是擴大閃回恢復區的空間或刪除、移出部分閃回恢復區中的檔案以讓閃回恢復區有足夠的空間使用。

      檢視v$flashback_database_log果然用於閃回的空間已經用完了，另外從v$flash_recovery_area_usage來看，閃回恢復區的空間的確已經達到了警戒值。

SQL> col file_type format A20;
SQL> set linesize 120 pagesize 100;
SQL> select * from v$flash_recovery_area_usage;

FILE_TYPE            PERCENT_SPACE_USED PERCENT_SPACE_RECLAIMABLE NUMBER_OF_FILES
-------------------- ------------------ ------------------------- ---------------
CONTROL FILE                          0                         0               0
REDO LOG                              0                         0               0
ARCHIVED LOG                      48.91                         0              66
BACKUP PIECE                       30.4                         0               3
IMAGE COPY                            0                         0               0
FLASHBACK LOG                     20.61                         0             208
FOREIGN ARCHIVED LOG                  0                         0               0

已選擇7行。

SQL> select * from v$flashback_database_log ;

OLDEST_FLASHBACK_SCN OLDEST_FLASHBA RETENTION_TARGET FLASHBACK_SIZE ESTIMATED_FLASHBACK_SIZE
-------------------- -------------- ---------------- -------------- ------------------------
                   0                            1440      832438272                        0

       這時，我忽然想起幾天前似乎建立了一個guarantee restore point，可能就是它佔用了大量的空間，retention_target為1天，該guarantee restore point也就沒什麼意義了。

SQL> col time format A20;
SQL> col restore_point_time format A20;
SQL> col name format A10;
SQL> set linesize 150;
SQL> select * from v$restore_point;

       SCN DATABASE_INCARNATION# GUA STORAGE_SIZE TIME                 RESTORE_POINT_TIME   PRE NAME
---------- --------------------- --- ------------ -------------------- -------------------- --- ----------
   2808629                     2 YES    832438272 11-8月 -13 03.43.20.                      YES NOW_GUARRA
                                                  000000000 下午                                NTEE

   2809035                     2 NO             0 11-8月 -13 03.51.48.                      YES NOW_PRESER
                                                  000000000 下午                                VE

   2592127                     2 NO             0 08-8月 -13 04.56.57.                      NO  RESP
                                                  000000000 下午

     果然，存在，而且從storage_size來看，基本上佔據了所有的用於flashback log的空間。至此，癥結已經找到。是由於guarantee restore point 導致的空間不足。

SQL> alter database flashback off;

資料庫已更改。

SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
第 1 行出現錯誤:
ORA-38760: 此資料庫例項無法啟用閃回資料庫


SQL> drop restore point now_guarrantee;

還原點已刪除。

SQL> alter database flashback on;
alter database flashback on
*
第 1 行出現錯誤:
ORA-38706: 無法啟用 FLASHBACK DATABASE 事件記錄。
ORA-38714: 要求進行例項恢復。


SQL> alter database open;

資料庫已更改。

SQL> select * from v$restore_point;

       SCN DATABASE_INCARNATION# GUA STORAGE_SIZE TIME                 RESTORE_POINT_TIME   PRE NAME
---------- --------------------- --- ------------ -------------------- -------------------- --- ----------
   2809035                     2 NO             0 11-8月 -13 03.51.48.                      YES NOW_PRESER
                                                  000000000 下午                                VE

   2592127                     2 NO             0 08-8月 -13 04.56.57.                      NO  RESP
                                                  000000000 下午

SQL> shutdown immediate;
資料庫已經關閉。
已經解除安裝資料庫。
ORACLE 例程已經關閉。
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE 例程已經啟動。

Total System Global Area  644468736 bytes
Fixed Size                  1376520 bytes
Variable Size             268439288 bytes
Database Buffers          369098752 bytes
Redo Buffers                5554176 bytes
資料庫裝載完畢。
SQL> alter database flashback on;

資料庫已更改。

SQL> alter database open;

資料庫已更改。