python numpy基礎(一)基本用法
阿新 • • 發佈:2019-01-31
(一)檢視numpy版本
# 檢視numpy版本
import numpy as np
print np.version.version
# 1.11.3
(二)numpy多維陣列為numpy.ndarray
# numpy多維陣列為numpy.ndarray
import numpy as np
# 引數可以為list或tuple
print np.array([1,2,3,4])
# [1 2 3 4]
print np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
# [[1 2 3]
# [4 5 6]]
print np.array((1.5,2,3,4))
# [ 1.5 2. 3. 4. ]
print np.array(((1,2,3),(4,5,6)))
# [[1 2 3]
# [4 5 6]]
print type(np.array([1,2,3,4]))
# <type 'numpy.ndarray'>
(三)numpy資料型別設定dtype和轉換astype
# numpy資料型別設定dtype和轉換astype
import numpy as np
array_str = np.array(['1.2','1.3','1.456'],dtype=np.string_)
print array_str
# ['1.2' '1.3' '1.456']
# 從string型別轉換為float型別
print array_str.astype(float)
# [ 1.2 1.3 1.456]
(四)numpy深拷貝和淺拷貝問題
# 關於numpy引用問題,因為numpy本身是拿來處理大資料的,所以x,y同時指向同一塊記憶體空間
import numpy as np
x = np.array([1,2])
y = x
y[1] = 3
print x
# [1 3]
# 如果想獨立開來
import numpy as np
x = np.array([1,2])
y = x.copy()
y[1] = 3
print x
# [1 2]
(五)numpy多維陣列轉置,索引,切片
# numpy取唯一元素
# np.unique(x)
# numpy轉置.T
import numpy as np
x = np.array([1,2]).T
# numpy切片
import numpy as np
arr = np.arange(10)
print arr
# [0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9]
arr[5:8] = 12
print arr
# [ 0 1 2 3 4 12 12 12 8 9]
arr2 = arr[1:6]
print arr2
# [ 1 2 3 4 12]
arr = np.arange(1,10).reshape(3,3)
print arr
# [[1 2 3]
# [4 5 6]
# [7 8 9]]
print arr[1,2]
# 6
arr = arr.reshape(9,1)
print arr
# [[1]
# [2]
# [3]
# [4]
# [5]
# [6]
# [7]
# [8]
# [9]]
print arr[5,0]
# 6
arr = arr.reshape(3,3)
# 對陣列內的各個元素進行比較
print arr == 3
# [[False False True]
# [False False False]
# [False False False]]
# 如果陣列中的值小於6則都為0
arr[arr<6] = 0
print arr
# [[0 0 0]
# [0 0 6]
# [7 8 9]]
(六)numpy陣列檔案輸出和輸入,儲存格式為.npy
import numpy as np
arr = np.arange(10)
np.save('D:\\machinetest\\array',arr)
# 從檔案載入陣列
arr = np.load('D:\\machinetest\\array.npy')
print arr
# [0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9]
# 從txt讀取資料loadtxt,savetxt為寫入txt,預設讀取資料為float型,需要指定資料型別dtype
# 例如data1.txt:
# aa bb cc
# dd ee rr
# 例如data2.txt
# aa,bb,cc
# dd,ee,rr
arr1 = np.loadtxt('D:\\machinetest\\data1.txt',delimiter=' ',dtype=np.string_)
print arr1
arr2 = np.loadtxt('D:\\machinetest\\data2.txt',delimiter=',',dtype=np.string_)
print arr2
# [['aa' 'bb' 'cc']
# ['dd' 'ee' 'rr']]
(七)使用numpy初始化資料
# 使用numpy初始化資料
# numpy.arange
import numpy as np
arr = np.arange(10)
print arr
# [0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9]
# 從1-5,平均生成9個值
print np.linspace(1,5,9)
# [ 1. 1.5 2. 2.5 3. 3.5 4. 4.5 5. ]
# 初始化0
np.zeros((3,4))
# [[ 0. 0. 0. 0.]
# [ 0. 0. 0. 0.]
# [ 0. 0. 0. 0.]]
# 初始化1
np.ones((3,4))
# [[ 1. 1. 1. 1.]
# [ 1. 1. 1. 1.]
# [ 1. 1. 1. 1.]]
# 生成對角矩陣
print np.eye(3)
# [[ 1. 0. 0.]
# [ 0. 1. 0.]
# [ 0. 0. 1.]]
# 生成網格矩陣
arr1 = np.arange(1,5,1)
# [1 2 3 4]
arr2 = np.arange(5,10,1)
# [5 6 7 8 9]
arr3,arr4 = np.meshgrid(arr1,arr2)
print arr3
# [[1 2 3 4]
# [1 2 3 4]
# [1 2 3 4]
# [1 2 3 4]
# [1 2 3 4]]
print arr4
# [[5 5 5 5]
# [6 6 6 6]
# [7 7 7 7]
# [8 8 8 8]
# [9 9 9 9]]
# 用於畫圖,填充座標系,可使用以下方法
# from matplotlib.colors import ListedColormap
# m,n = arr4.shape
# Z = np.eye(m)
# print Z
# cmap_light = ListedColormap(['#FFAAAA', '#AAFFAA'])
# plt.pcolormesh(arr3,arr4,Z,cmap=cmap_light)
(八)獲取陣列的屬性
# 獲取陣列的屬性
import numpy as np
arr = np.zeros((2,3,4))
print arr
# [[[ 0. 0. 0. 0.]
# [ 0. 0. 0. 0.]
# [ 0. 0. 0. 0.]]
#
# [[ 0. 0. 0. 0.]
# [ 0. 0. 0. 0.]
# [ 0. 0. 0. 0.]]]
# 陣列的維度
print arr.ndim
# 3
# 陣列每一維的大小
print arr.shape
# (2, 3, 4)
# 陣列的元素數
print arr.size
# 24
# 數組裡面元素的型別
print arr.dtype
# float64
# 每個元素所佔的位元組數
print arr.itemsize
# 8
(九)numpy矩陣的計算
# numpy矩陣的計算
import numpy as np
# 全累加
sum = np.sum([[0,1,2],[2,1,3]])
print sum
# 9
# 往x軸壓縮
sum = np.sum([[0,1,2],[2,1,3]],axis=0)
print sum
# [2 2 5]
# 往y軸壓縮
sum = np.sum([[0,1,2],[2,1,3]],axis=1)
print sum
# [3 6]
# 往某個平面進行壓縮
arr = np.arange(27).reshape(3,3,3)
print arr
# [[[ 0 1 2]
# [ 3 4 5]
# [ 6 7 8]]
#
# [[ 9 10 11]
# [12 13 14]
# [15 16 17]]
#
# [[18 19 20]
# [21 22 23]
# [24 25 26]]]
# 往xy平面進行壓縮
print np.sum(arr,axis=0)
# [[27 30 33]
# [36 39 42]
# [45 48 51]]
# 往xz平面進行壓縮
print np.sum(arr,axis=1)
# [[ 9 12 15]
# [36 39 42]
# [63 66 69]]
# 往yz平面進行壓縮
print np.sum(arr,axis=2)
# [[ 9 12 15]
# [36 39 42]
# [63 66 69]]
# 矩陣的轉置arr.t==arr.transpose()
arr = np.array([[1,0],[2,3]])
print arr
print arr.transpose()
print arr.T
#求均值
import numpy as np
a = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
print(np.mean(a))
# 2.5 全部相加後求平均
print(np.mean(a, axis=0))
# [ 2. 3.] 按維度來相加後求平均
print(np.mean(a, axis=1))
# [ 1.5 3.5]
(十)numpy陣列的合併
# numpy陣列的合併,進行的是深拷貝,即arr1和arr2合併生成的arr3,arr3和arr1,arr2互不影響
import numpy as np
arr1 = np.ones((2,2))
arr2 = np.eye(2)
# 垂直新增
print np.vstack((arr1,arr2))
# [[ 1. 1.]
# [ 1. 1.]
# [ 1. 0.]
# [ 0. 1.]]
# 水平新增
print np.hstack((arr1,arr2))
# [[ 1. 1. 1. 0.]
# [ 1. 1. 0. 1.]]
print np.c_[np.array([1,2,3]), np.array([4,5,6])]
# [[1 4]
# [2 5]
# [3 6]]
print np.c_[np.array([[1,2,3]]), 0, 0, np.array([[4,5,6]])]
# [[1 2 3 0 0 4 5 6]]
# 以上都需要陣列知道是2列的,如果陣列只有一列,則合併使用np.append
print np.append([[1],[2],[3]],[[4],[5],[6]])
# [1 2 3 4 5 6]