VMware下CentOS7最小化安裝及配置
阿新 • • 發佈：2019-01-07
1、VMware建立虛擬機器
2、安裝CentOS7
選擇系統語言
磁碟分割槽規劃，選擇預設自動分割槽，也可手動分割槽：
設定網路和主機名：
這裡設定主機名為：centos7，開啟網路連線，其他網路引數等待系統安裝完成後再設定；
設定日期和時間：
開始系統安裝：
設定root使用者密碼，如果密碼過於簡單，需要連續點選左上角Done兩次；
等待系統安裝完成
系統安裝完成，重啟
3、配置
3.1 配置網路
在最小化安裝的CentOS7中，ifconfig是不能使用的，檢視網絡卡資訊的命令是
ip addr
其中“ens33”為網絡卡名稱，修改IP地址等資訊
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33根據實際情況修改內容：
TYPE=Ethernet PROXY_METHOD=none BROWSER_ONLY=no BOOTPROTO=static #啟用靜態ip地址 DEFROUTE=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no IPV6INIT=yes IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy NAME=ens33 UUID=8d497804-9ffa-4edc-951a-5ddd8d2ed504 DEVICE=ens33 ONBOOT=yes #自動啟用網路連線 IPADDR0=192.168.0.201 #IP地址 PREFIXO0=24 #子網掩碼 GATEWAY0=192.168.0.1 #閘道器 DNS1=192.168.0.1 #DNS
修改好後儲存退出，並重啟網路，測試網路是否連線正常：
[[email protected] ~]# service network restart Restarting network (via systemctl): [ OK ] [[email protected] ~]# ping www.baidu.com PING www.a.shifen.com (220.181.111.188) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 220.181.111.188 (220.181.111.188): icmp_seq=1 ttl=55 time=27.6 ms 64 bytes from 220.181.111.188 (220.181.111.188): icmp_seq=2 ttl=55 time=89.3 ms 64 bytes from 220.181.111.188 (220.181.111.188): icmp_seq=3 ttl=55 time=27.1 ms 64 bytes from 220.181.111.188 (220.181.111.188): icmp_seq=4 ttl=55 time=26.2 ms ^C --- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3005ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 26.254/42.606/89.358/26.997 ms
3.2 安裝ifconfig命令
檢視哪個元件包含了ifconfig命令
yum provides ifconfig
或
yum whatprovides ifconfig
ifconfig命令依賴於net-tools的，安裝
yum install -y net-tools
3.3 安裝vim編輯器
yum install -y vim-enhanced3.4 安裝wget
yum install -y wget3.5 關閉SELinux
編輯SELinux配置檔案
vim /etc/selinux/config註釋掉2行程式碼，並在最後新增1行程式碼
#SELINUX=enforcing
#SELINUXTYPE=targeted
SELINUX=disabled儲存並關閉，使設定啟用，最好重啟一下系統，也可以稍後重啟
setenforce 03.6 關閉CentOS自帶firewall防火牆，啟用iptables
# 停止firewall
[[email protected] /]# systemctl stop firewalld
# 關閉firewall自動啟動
[[email protected] /]# systemctl disable firewalld.service
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.安裝iptables防火牆
yum install -y iptables-services使用iptables預設配置檔案，可以在此配置檔案中增加規則
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables
# sample configuration for iptables service
# you can edit this manually or use system-config-firewall
# please do not ask us to add additional ports/services to this default configuration
*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
-A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
-A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
COMMIT重啟iptables，並新增到開機自啟項中，檢視iptables狀態
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart iptables.service
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl enable iptables.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/iptables.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/iptables.service.
[[email protected] ~]# service iptables status
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status iptables.service
● iptables.service - IPv4 firewall with iptables
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/iptables.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (exited) since Mon 2018-05-21 18:09:28 CST; 18s ago
Main PID: 1195 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
May 21 18:09:27 centos7 systemd[1]: Starting IPv4 firewall with iptables...
May 21 18:09:28 centos7 iptables.init[1195]: iptables: Applying firewall rules: [ OK ]
May 21 18:09:28 centos7 systemd[1]: Started IPv4 firewall with iptables.3.7 配置國內yum源和epel源
3.7.1 配置yum源
1）新建資料夾，儲存系統中原來的repo檔案
[[email protected] ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# mkdir repo_bak
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo repo_bak/2）下載阿里雲和網易對應系統的repo檔案
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1572 Dec 1 2016 CentOS7-Base-163.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2573 Nov 21 2014 Centos-7.repo
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 187 May 21 18:25 repo_bak3）清楚系統yum快取，並生成新的yum快取
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration
Cleaning repos: base extras updates
Cleaning up everything
Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration
Determining fastest mirrors
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
(1/12): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 166 kB 00:00:00
(2/12): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 5.9 MB 00:00:01
(3/12): extras/7/x86_64/prestodelta | 47 kB 00:00:00
(4/12): base/7/x86_64/other_db | 2.5 MB 00:00:00
(5/12): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 143 kB 00:00:00
(6/12): extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 517 kB 00:00:00
(7/12): extras/7/x86_64/other_db | 91 kB 00:00:00
(8/12): updates/7/x86_64/prestodelta | 180 kB 00:00:00
(9/12): updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 875 kB 00:00:00
(10/12): updates/7/x86_64/other_db | 201 kB 00:00:00
(11/12): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 1.2 MB 00:00:00
(12/12): base/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 6.9 MB 00:00:04
Metadata Cache Created3.7.2 配置epel源
1）安裝epel-release，安裝成功後，會自動生成epel.repo和epel-testing.repo兩個檔案
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum list | grep epel-release
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration
epel-release.noarch 7-11 extras
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum install -y epel-release
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package epel-release.noarch 0:7-11 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
==============================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
==============================================================================================================
Installing:
epel-release noarch 7-11 extras 15 k
Transaction Summary
==============================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 15 k
Installed size: 24 k
Downloading packages:
epel-release-7-11.noarch.rpm | 15 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : epel-release-7-11.noarch 1/1
Verifying : epel-release-7-11.noarch 1/1
Installed:
epel-release.noarch 0:7-11
Complete!
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ll
total 16
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1572 Dec 1 2016 CentOS7-Base-163.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2573 Nov 21 2014 Centos-7.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 951 Oct 3 2017 epel.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1050 Oct 3 2017 epel-testing.repo
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 187 May 21 18:25 repo_bak2）下載阿里雲開源映象的epel原始檔
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-7.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
--2018-05-21 18:35:24-- http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 1.81.1.230, 1.81.1.223, 1.81.1.224, ...
Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|1.81.1.230|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 664 [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/epel-7.repo’
100%[====================================================================>] 664 --.-K/s in 0s
2018-05-21 18:35:24 (148 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/epel-7.repo’ saved [664/664]
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ll
total 20
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1572 Dec 1 2016 CentOS7-Base-163.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2573 Nov 21 2014 Centos-7.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 May 11 11:35 epel-7.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 951 Oct 3 2017 epel.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1050 Oct 3 2017 epel-testing.repo
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 187 May 21 18:25 repo_bak3）再次清除系統yum快取，並重新生成yum快取
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository epel-debuginfo is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository epel-source is listed more than once in the configuration
Cleaning repos: base epel extras updates
Cleaning up everything
Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository epel-debuginfo is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository epel-source is listed more than once in the configuration
Determining fastest mirrors
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
epel | 4.7 kB 00:00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
(1/18): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 166 kB 00:00:00
(2/18): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 5.9 MB 00:00:01
(3/18): base/7/x86_64/other_db | 2.5 MB 00:00:00
(4/18): epel/x86_64/group_gz | 88 kB 00:00:01
(5/18): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 923 kB 00:00:00
(6/18): epel/x86_64/prestodelta | 2.8 kB 00:00:00
(7/18): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 6.4 MB 00:00:02
(8/18): epel/x86_64/filelists_db | 10 MB 00:00:03
(9/18): extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 517 kB 00:00:00
(10/18): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 143 kB 00:00:00
(11/18): extras/7/x86_64/other_db | 91 kB 00:00:00
(12/18): extras/7/x86_64/prestodelta | 47 kB 00:00:00
(13/18): updates/7/x86_64/prestodelta | 180 kB 00:00:00
(14/18): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 1.2 MB 00:00:00
(15/18): updates/7/x86_64/other_db | 201 kB 00:00:00
(16/18): epel/x86_64/other_db | 3.1 MB 00:00:01
(17/18): updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 875 kB 00:00:00
(18/18): base/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 6.9 MB 00:00:09
Metadata Cache Created3.7.3 檢視系統可用的yum源和所有的yum源
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum repolist enabled
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository epel-debuginfo is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository epel-source is listed more than once in the configuration
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
repo id repo name status
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - 163.com 9,911
epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 12,542
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - 163.com 291
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - 163.com 539
repolist: 23,283
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]#
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository epel-debuginfo is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository epel-source is listed more than once in the configuration
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
repo id repo name status
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - 163.com enabled: 9,911
centosplus/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Plus - 163.com disabled
contrib/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com disabled
epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 enabled: 12,542
epel-debuginfo/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 - Debug disabled
epel-source Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 - Source disabled
epel-testing/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - Testing - x86_64 disabled
epel-testing-debuginfo/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - Testing - x86_64 - Debug disabled
epel-testing-source/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - Testing - x86_64 - Sourc disabled
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - 163.com enabled: 291
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - 163.com enabled: 539
repolist: 23,2833.8 修改hostname主機名
3.8.1 hostnamectl
[[email protected] ~]# hostnamectl
Static hostname: localhost.localdomain
Icon name: computer-vm
Chassis: vm
Machine ID: 8dbe281bfa3d4b3c9390c26f494db334
Boot ID: b629ca855d3e4406ab886fe709d2f917
Virtualization: vmware
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7
Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64
Architecture: x86-64[[email protected] ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname CentOS
[[email protected] ~]# hostnamectl
Static hostname: centos
Pretty hostname: CentOS
Icon name: computer-vm
Chassis: vm
Machine ID: 8dbe281bfa3d4b3c9390c26f494db334
Boot ID: b629ca855d3e4406ab886fe709d2f917
Virtualization: vmware
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7
Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64
Architecture: x86-64
[[email protected] ~]# hostname
centos3.8.2 修改主機名檔案
[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/hostname