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SQL語法整理

1.CREATE
建立資料庫:CREATE DATABASE db_name
建立表:CREATE TABLE table_name (col_name col_type [NOT NULL] [PRIMARY KEY], ...)

2.DROP
刪除表:DROP TABLE table_name

3.ALTER
新增列:ALTER TABLE table_name ADD COLUMN col_type
新增主鍵:ALTER TABLE table_name ADD PRIMARY KEY(col_name)

4.INSERT
插入記錄:INSERT INTO table_name (col_name, ...) VALUES (col_value, ...)

5.DELETE
刪除記錄:DELETE FROM table_name WHERE col_name=col_value
*safe update模式只能通過主鍵欄位更新記錄,更新同理

6.UPDATE
更新記錄:UPDATE table_name SET col_name=col_value, ... WHERE ...

7.SELECT
查詢部分欄位:SELECT col_name, ... FROM table_name WHERE ...
查詢全部欄位:SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE ...

8.OUTER JOIN (表)
table_name1 LEFT/RIGHT OUTER JOIN table_name2
*左聯查詢把table1的內容全部查出,table2中只查出滿足條件的內容,其他為null

9.INNER JOIN (表)
table_name1 INNER JOIN table_name2 ON table_name1.col_name1=table_name2.col_name2
*只查出滿足條件的記錄

10.ORDER BY
升序:SELECT ... ORDER BY col_name
降序:SELECT ... ORDER BY col_name DESC

11.聚合函式(欄位)
和:sum(col_name)
平均:avg(col_name)
最大:max(col_name)
最小:min(col_name)
計數:count(col_name)

12.GROUP BY
某欄位同值記錄合併:GROUP BY col_name
eg. SELECT sum(col_name2) as new_col_name FROM table_name GROUP BY col_name