微信公眾號開發《一》OAuth2.0網頁授權認證獲取使用者的詳細資訊,實現自動登陸
阿新 • • 發佈:2019-01-01
從接觸公眾號到現在,通過不斷積累學習,對如何呼叫微信提供介面有了一定的見解。當然在開發過程中遇到很多問題,現在把部分模組功能在這備案一下,做個總結也希望能給其他人幫助
工欲善其事,必先利其器,先看看開發公眾號需要準備或瞭解什麼
- web開發工具:官方提供的開發工具,使用自己的微訊號來除錯微信網頁授權、除錯、檢驗頁面的 JS-SDK 相關功能與許可權,模擬大部分 SDK 的輸入和輸出。下載地址:web開發工具下載
- 登入微信測試公眾號,獲取公眾號的appID、appsecret,登入地址:http://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/sandbox?t=sandbox/login (一般測試開發階段,都不拿正式公眾號測試,因為存在風險並且你除錯時不用擔心影響到正式公眾號的正常使用,而且有些介面在正式公眾號上比較嚴格,而在測試公眾號上可以放開,如模板資訊)
下面進入正題,實現微信網頁授權,獲取微信資訊,主要用於以微信帳號作為使用者登入,如果你只是需要繫結微信,就可以不用授權,直接請求獲取微信OpenId(對當前公眾號唯一),進行使用者繫結(在下面程式碼時是寫明如何實現),該功能可在開發文件:微信網頁開發-》微信網頁授權裡檢視詳細資訊,下面正式開始。
1.填寫授權回撥頁面域名
進入測試公眾號,在體驗介面許可權表中找到網頁帳號,右側新增自己的域名,測試公眾號可填寫本地IP,如你是正式公眾號只能填寫自己的域名,如果未填寫,當進行介面呼叫時,會提示:redirect_uri引數錯誤!如果還有其他不瞭解的配置,可以在開發文件裡檢視詳資訊,
2.程式碼展示
1).呼叫微信介面返回的引數都是JSON格式,封裝個Http請求方法2).下面展示訪問個人中心時,進行使用者授權public class WeixinUtil { /** * 發起https請求並獲取結果 * @param requestUrl 請求地址 * @param requestMethod 請求方式(GET、POST) * @param outputStr 提交的資料 * @return JSONObject(通過JSONObject.get(key)的方式獲取json物件的屬性值) */ public static JSONObject httpRequest(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) { JSONObject jsonObject = null; StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); try { // 建立SSLContext物件,並使用我們指定的信任管理器初始化 TrustManager[] tm = { new MyX509TrustManager() }; SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL", "SunJSSE"); sslContext.init(null, tm, new java.security.SecureRandom()); // 從上述SSLContext物件中得到SSLSocketFactory物件 SSLSocketFactory ssf = sslContext.getSocketFactory(); URL url = new URL(requestUrl); HttpsURLConnection httpUrlConn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection(); httpUrlConn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf); httpUrlConn.setDoOutput(true); httpUrlConn.setDoInput(true); httpUrlConn.setUseCaches(false); // 設定請求方式(GET/POST) httpUrlConn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod); if ("GET".equalsIgnoreCase(requestMethod)) httpUrlConn.connect(); // 當有資料需要提交時 if (null != outputStr) { OutputStream outputStream = httpUrlConn.getOutputStream(); // 注意編碼格式,防止中文亂碼 outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes("UTF-8")); outputStream.close(); } // 將返回的輸入流轉換成字串 InputStream inputStream = httpUrlConn.getInputStream(); InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8"); BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader); String str = null; while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) { buffer.append(str); } bufferedReader.close(); inputStreamReader.close(); // 釋放資源 inputStream.close(); inputStream = null; httpUrlConn.disconnect(); jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(buffer.toString()); } catch (ConnectException ce) { log.error("Weixin server connection timed out."); } catch (Exception e) { log.error("https request error:{}", e); } return jsonObject; } }
微信工具類程式碼:/** * 個人中心 * @param request * @param response * @return */ @RequestMapping("/gotoPeopleIndex") public String gotoPeopleIndex(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response){ //判斷是否授權過,授權通過時,會儲存session“WeixinUserInfo”,這樣下次訪問時,如果WeixinUserInfo存在,說明已經授權過,使用者資訊已經存在 WeixinUserInfo WeixinUserInfo = (WeixinUserInfo) session.getAttribute("WeixinUserInfo"); if(WeixinUserInfo==null){//沒有授權過,跳轉授權頁面,如果你不需要授權,則scope為snsapi_base,這是不會彈出授權頁面 String url = "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid="+TimedTask.appid+"&redirect_uri="+TimedTask.websiteAndProject+"/weixinF/getOpenInfo/gotoPeopleIndex&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_userinfo&state=STATE#wechat_redirect"; return "redirect:"+url; }else{ return "weixin/customer/userInfo"; } } /** * 微信網頁授權獲得微信詳情 * @param code * @param state * @param view 授權後調整的檢視 * @param request * @param appid 公眾號appid * @param appsecret 公眾號appsecret * @param websiteAndProject 請求地址跟工程名,如我當前的為http://192.168.2.113/seafood * @param response * @throws ServletException * @throws IOException */ @RequestMapping("/getOpenInfo/{view}") public void getOpenInfo(@RequestParam("code") String code,@RequestParam("state") String state,@PathVariable("view") String view,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException{ // 使用者同意授權 if (!"authdeny".equals(code)) { //獲取OpenId OpenIdResult open = WeixinUtil.getOpenId(request, code, TimedTask.appid, TimedTask.appsecret); //檢驗授權憑證(access_token)是否有效 int result = WeixinUtil.checkAccessToken(open.getAccess_token(), open.getOpenid()); if(0 != result){ open = WeixinUtil.getNewAccess_Token(open,open.getRefresh_token(),TimedTask.appid); } // 網頁授權介面訪問憑證 String accessToken = open.getAccess_token(); String openId = open.getOpenid(); //獲取微信使用者詳細資訊,如果你不需要授權,可跳過該步驟,直接以微信的OpenId,查詢是否已經繫結,沒有跳轉到繫結介面 WeixinUserInfo user = WeixinUtil.getWeixinUserInfo(accessToken, openId); Customer customer = weixinFirstServer.getCustomerDetailByOpenId(user.getOpenId()); if(customer!=null){ if(customer.getAccountStatus()==2){ response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8"); try { response.sendRedirect(TimedTask.websiteAndProject+"/weixin/customer/noAuthority.jsp"); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return; } customer.setHeadPhoto(user.getHeadImgUrl()); }else{ Customer newuser = new Customer(); newuser.setCustomerWeixinId(openId); newuser.setCustomerWNickname(user.getNickname()); newuser.setSex(user.getSex()); //繫結 result = weixinFirstServer.addCustomerInfo(newuser); if(result<=0){ response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8"); try { response.sendRedirect(TimedTask.websiteAndProject+"/weixin/customer/error.jsp"); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }else{ customer = weixinFirstServer.getCustomerDetailByOpenId(user.getOpenId()); if(customer.getAccountStatus()==2){ response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8"); try { response.sendRedirect(TimedTask.websiteAndProject+"/weixin/customer/noAuthority.jsp"); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return; } } } session.setAttribute("customerInfo", customer); session.setAttribute("WeixinUserInfo", user); request.setAttribute("state", state); response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8"); try { response.sendRedirect(TimedTask.websiteAndProject+"/weixinF/"+view); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }else{ response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8"); try { response.sendRedirect(TimedTask.websiteAndProject+"/weixin/customer/error.jsp"); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
public class WeixinUtil {
public final static String getOpen_id_url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token?appid=APPID&secret=SECRET&code=CODE&grant_type=authorization_code";
public final static String getNewAccess_token = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/refresh_token?appid=APPID&grant_type=refresh_token&refresh_token=REFRESH_TOKEN";
/**
* 檢驗授權憑證(access_token)是否有效
* @param accessToken 憑證
* @param openid id
* @return
*/
public static int checkAccessToken(String accessToken, String openid) {
String requestUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/auth?access_token="+accessToken+"&openid="+openid;
JSONObject jsonObject = httpRequest(requestUrl, "GET", null);
int result = 1;
// 如果請求成功
if (null != jsonObject) {
try {
result = jsonObject.getInt("errcode");
} catch (JSONException e) {
accessToken = null;
// 獲取token失敗
log.error("獲取token失敗 errcode:{} errmsg:{}", jsonObject.getInt("errcode"), jsonObject.getString("errmsg"));
}
}
return result;
}
/**
* 使用者授權,使用refresh_token重新整理access_token
* @return
*/
public static OpenIdResult getNewAccess_Token(OpenIdResult open,String refresh_token,String openId) {
String requestUrl = getNewAccess_token.replace("REFRESH_TOKEN", refresh_token).replace("APPID", openId);
JSONObject jsonObject = httpRequest(requestUrl, "GET", null);
// 如果請求成功
if (null != jsonObject) {
try {
open.setAccess_token(jsonObject.getString("access_token"));
} catch (JSONException e) {
// 獲取token失敗
log.error("獲取token失敗 errcode:{} errmsg:{}", jsonObject.getInt("errcode"), jsonObject.getString("errmsg"));
}
}
return open;
}
/**
* 獲得使用者基本資訊
* @param request
* @param code
* @param appid
* @param appsecret
* @return
*/
public static OpenIdResult getOpenId(HttpServletRequest request, String code,String appid, String appsecret) {
String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
String param = request.getQueryString();
if(param!=null){
requestURI = requestURI+"?"+param;
}
String url = getOpen_id_url.replace("APPID",appid).replace("SECRET",appsecret).replace("CODE",code);
JSONObject jsonObject = httpRequest(url, "POST", null);
OpenIdResult result = new OpenIdResult();
if (null != jsonObject) {
Object obj = jsonObject.get("errcode");
if (obj == null) {
result.setAccess_token(jsonObject.getString("access_token"));
result.setExpires_in(jsonObject.getString("expires_in"));
result.setOpenid(jsonObject.getString("openid"));
result.setRefresh_token(jsonObject.getString("refresh_token"));
result.setScope(jsonObject.getString("scope"));
}else{
System.out.println("獲取openId回執:"+jsonObject.toString()+"訪問路徑:"+requestURI);
log.error("訪問路徑:"+requestURI);
log.error("獲取openId失敗 errcode:{} errmsg:{}", jsonObject.getInt("errcode"), jsonObject.getString("errmsg"));
}
}
return result;
}
/**
* 通過網頁授權獲取使用者資訊
* @param accessToken 網頁授權介面呼叫憑證
* @param openId 使用者標識
* @return WeixinUserInfo
*/
public static WeixinUserInfo getWeixinUserInfo(String accessToken, String openId) {
WeixinUserInfo user = null;
// 拼接請求地址
String requestUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/userinfo?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&openid=OPENID";
requestUrl = requestUrl.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", accessToken).replace("OPENID", openId);
// 通過網頁授權獲取使用者資訊
JSONObject jsonObject = httpRequest(requestUrl, "GET", null);
if (null != jsonObject) {
try {
user = new WeixinUserInfo();
// 使用者的標識
user.setOpenId(jsonObject.getString("openid"));
// 暱稱
user.setNickname(jsonObject.getString("nickname"));
// 性別(1是男性,2是女性,0是未知)
user.setSex(jsonObject.getInt("sex"));
// 使用者所在國家
user.setCountry(jsonObject.getString("country"));
// 使用者所在省份
user.setProvince(jsonObject.getString("province"));
// 使用者所在城市
user.setCity(jsonObject.getString("city"));
// 使用者頭像
user.setHeadImgUrl(jsonObject.getString("headimgurl"));
// 使用者特權資訊
user.setPrivilegeList(JSONArray.toList(jsonObject.getJSONArray("privilege"), List.class));
} catch (Exception e) {
user = null;
int errorCode = jsonObject.getInt("errcode");
String errorMsg = jsonObject.getString("errmsg");
log.error("獲取使用者資訊失敗 errcode:{} errmsg:{},reqUrl{}", errorCode, errorMsg);
}
}
return user;
}
}
下面展示,當用戶session失效時,自動登入的程式碼,這時是不需要授權的
@RequestMapping("/gotoGoodsView")
public String gotoGoodsView(@RequestParam(value="longitude",defaultValue="",required=false) String longitude,@RequestParam(value="latitude",defaultValue="",required=false) String latitude){
String param = request.getQueryString();
String url = request.getServletPath();
if(param!=null){
url = url+"?"+param.replaceAll("&","-");//如果不把&替換成別的,當重新登入成功後調整會引數丟失
}
Customer customerInfo = (Customer) session.getAttribute("customerInfo");
if(customerInfo==null){//session失效,跳轉到獲取微信詳情頁面(授權)
return "redirect:/weixinF/getCode?view="+TimedTask.websiteAndProject+"/weixinF/autoLogin&view2="+TimedTask.websiteAndProject+url;
}
return "/weixin/customer/goodsList";
}
@RequestMapping("/getCode")
public void getCode(HttpServletResponse response){
String view = request.getParameter("view");//獲取openId的路徑
String view2 = request.getParameter("view2");//獲取openId成功後跳轉的路徑
String redirect_url = "";
try {
redirect_url = URLEncoder.encode(view,"UTF-8");
if(view2!=null && !"".equals(view2)){
view2 = view2.replaceAll("-","&");
redirect_url = redirect_url +"?redirect_url="+ URLEncoder.encode(URLEncoder.encode(view2,"UTF-8"),"UTF-8");
}
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
String url = WeixinUtil.getCode_url.replace("APPID",TimedTask.appid).replace("REDIRECT_URI",redirect_url);
response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");
try {
response.sendRedirect(url);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 自動登入並跳轉
* @param code
* @param appid 公眾號appid
* @param appsecret 公眾號appsecret
* @param websiteAndProject 請求地址跟工程名,如我當前的為http://192.168.2.113/seafood
* @param url 自動登入後跳轉路徑
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/autoLogin")
public String autoLogin(HttpServletResponse response,@RequestParam(value="code",defaultValue="") String code,@RequestParam(value="redirect_url",defaultValue="") String url){
OpenIdResult open = WeixinUtil.getOpenId(request,code,TimedTask.appid,TimedTask.appsecret);//根據Code獲取OpenId
//根據OpenId查詢是否有該客戶,沒有進行繫結
Customer customerInfo = weixinFirstServer.getCustomerDetailByOpenId(open.getOpenid());
if(customerInfo!=null){
if(customerInfo.getAccountStatus()==2){//使用者賬戶是否正常
return "redirect:"+TimedTask.websiteAndProject+"/weixin/customer/noAuthority.jsp";
}
session.setAttribute("customerInfo", customerInfo);//把使用者資訊存在session中
response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");
try {
response.sendRedirect(url);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}else{
url= url.replaceAll("&","-");
url = url.replace(TimedTask.websiteAndProject,"");
String redirectUrl = "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid="+TimedTask.appid+"&redirect_uri="+TimedTask.websiteAndProject+"/weixinF/getOpenInfoRedirectAction?actionName="+url+"&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_userinfo&state=STATE#wechat_redirect";
response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");
try {
response.sendRedirect(redirectUrl);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
}
到此,微信網頁授權認證,與session失效自動登入已經完成,如果有問題歡迎在評論區指出