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2017年美國大學生數學建模競賽F題優秀論文解讀

2017年美賽F題賽題
2017ICM Problem F: Migration to Mars: Utopian Workforce of the 2100 Urban Society
Theinternational agency, Laboratory of Interstellar Financial & ExplorationPolicy (LIFE), has recently (in this year of 2095) completed a series ofshort-term planned living experiments on our neighbor planet, Mars. Newtechnologies, including personalized artificial augmentations units, will soonenable humans to inhabit manufactured cities on Mars by 2100. The first wave ofmigration, called Population Zero, will include 10,000 people.TheLIFE agency launched project UTOPIA: 2100, with the goal of creating an optimalworkforce for the 22nd century to give all people the greatest quality of lifewith a vision of sustainability for the next 100 years. Over the last 20 years,several planned communities have been designed and built across Earth thattested several planned living conditions. These communities are driven byegalitarian principles in economics, government, workforce, and justicesystems.LIFEis seeking a set of mathematical and computational models that will inform theInternational Coalition on Mars (ICM) government on how to design aneconomicworkforce-education system that they can implement with PopulationZero. In order to decide what procedure to follow, LIFE has hired the mostqualified policy makers and data scientists with the goal to develop a set ofpolicies to realize the migration to Mars. Your three-person policy modelingteam is part of the group of advisors and policy makers. ICM has asked yourgroup for a policy model and report that will result in a set of policyrecommendations that will create a sustainable life-plan and will make theliving experience on Mars in the year 2100 even better than the Earthly one inthe current year of 2095.Newtools in network science, systems science, complex systems, organizational& industrial psychology, and other interdisciplinary fields provide newinsights for understanding social and governmental systems, with importantcapabilities to deal with issues of scalability (relevant for both small andlarge populations and effects), modality (multiple layers), and dynamics(changes over time).PopulationZero aims to have optimal conditions in many workforce and social livingfactors (note that another team is being tasked with health policy, so ICM hasasked that you exclude health care from your analysis). The mission ofPopulation Zero is to create a sustainable society by maximizing both economicoutput (GDP) and happiness in the work place for its citizens. Of course, thesetwo goals can be in opposition, so the policy recommendation has to considerbalancing factors, such as:●Income: Ensure adequate compensation so that all people can afford fundamentalnecessities (shelter, food, clothes).●Education: Provide high quality education that prepares citizens for the needsand challenges of the 22nd Century.●Equality: Improve the retention of women in the workforce, particularly infields where they have been underrepresented or discriminated against on Earth. YourICM-directed tasks are:1.Define parameters and specific outcomes related to the three priority factors(income, education, and social equality) in Population Zero. Some issues toconsider are: a) minimum wage and salary distribution (income); b) skillsrequired for an efficient workforce; types of governance and infrastructureneeded to obtain these skills (education); and c) maternity and paternityleave, affordable childcare to ensure people can remain in the workforce(social equality).a.Identify and define the specific outcomes that would indicate positive resultsacross the three factors for the next decade (years 2100-2110). Consider whatthe goal is for each of these factors; for example, is the objective to improvethe quality of living for all citizens or improve quantity of output of thesystem.b.What are the major features of the population (eg. demographics, populationsize, and working conditions) that would contribute to these outcomes?c.Create metrics that you will use to evaluate whether the system is meeting itsobjective by identifying and defining the critical parameters for each of thethree factors.2.You have been asked to generate a sample population of 10,000 people toemigrate to Mars. Extract data from a census dataset (link to one is providedbelow) or synthesize one.a.From your data set, identify and analyze the demographic characteristics ofthis simulation of Population Zero. Analyze and describe demographicdistributions, such as gender, ethnicity, age, and education levels.b.Consider the distribution of citizens in terms of factors that will also helpto meet goals of UTOPIA: 2100 – to build a peaceful, cooperative, Link to PUMSdata (if you desire to use this census data):PUMS data can be found via following links:

http://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/technicaldocumentation/pums.htmlhttp://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/data/pums/2015/1- Year/ oTheselinks show how to extract the data in R:https://stat.ethz.ch/R-manual/R-devel/library/base/html/sample.htmlhttps://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/sampling/sampling.pdfThis link show how to extract the data in MATLAB:
https://www.mathworks.com/help/stats/datasample.html?requestedDomain=www.mathworks.com3.Build
a model that includes the three identified factors (income, education,& social equality). Using the parameters that you created in task 1, definethe key elements of a successful society for the next 10 years. Whenintegrating these three factors, what are the critical interdependencies amongthe parameters? Are there additional constraints required to preserve theoutcomes over the 10 year period? How often should the model be evaluated toensure the goals of UTOPIA 2100 continue to be met? What might be economic,social, cultural, and other global factors that might affect the viability ofthe model over that period? Based on these factors and constraints, answer thefollowing:a.Determine the optimal minimum wage and salary distribution to best manage thetension between wellbeing (higher quality of life) and support for those lessequipped to provide labor services.b.Identify terms in your model that can be most improved through contribution ofnew ideas. Describe the incentives to motivate contribution of those new ideas.c.What is the best childcare and paternity/maternity leave strategies?4.Now that you have created models for the three factors, proceed to merge thesemodels into a global model. In task 3, you designed a model to provide optimaloutcomes for society, at large. Now, consider how the model will function fordifferent groups?a.Identify the major subgroups of your workforce, and identify their mainpriorities. For example, unskilled labor force might be concerned with workhours, disability care, child care, and minimum wage, while the priorities ofthe professional workforce may be time off, training, and parental leave. Yourmodel will dictate which subgroups you consider. You might have to develop newparameters to adequately evaluate each groups’ priorities.b.With the understanding that each group will have a different set of needs, perspectives,and criteria for success, analyze how closely their needs are met in terms ofincome, education, and equality. For example, does your model functiondifferently across educational levels? Different ages? Different culturalvalues? Does your model function better for women or men? How are familiesaffected?c.With the consideration of the subgroups that you have identified, your previousmodel may no longer produce optimal outcomes. Adjust the model by adding newconstraints or parameters to optimize the needs of the different subgroups. Thegoal is to maximize the priority outcomes of the subgroups withoutsignificantly reducing the global outcomes.5.LIFE has planned additional migration phased over the next 100-years.a.How sensitive is your model to the population selection for various migrationphases? Does the demographic distribution of this population significantlychange the outcomes? How does your sampling procedure affect your model? Ifmigration and growth in future years will be similar to Population Zero (10,000people in a new manufactured city at a time), how would you change your modelfor the next few migrations? How sustainable are your recruitment and selectionprocesses?
b.Is
this long-term plan substantially different than the 10-year plan? Are thereelements in your 10-year vision and recommendations that are not sustainablefor the 100 year vision? Identify any new parameters or constraints that willensure your model continues to be effective for the entire 22nd century.6.In shocking news, scientists discover a threat of a collision of Earth with aplanet sized comet. We need to evacuate planet Earth and move as many people aspossible to Mars to live in enlarged manufactured cities.a.Is your model still functional? Would it make a difference if migrationsoccurred in phases?b.Study the robustness of your model and comment on its general sensitivity to amuch larger scale migration.c.State the strengths and weaknesses of your model relative to a major migration.7.Write a policy recommendation addressed to the director of LIFE that includesthe factors of income, education, equality policies based on your model andaccording to the directions of ICM. Will your recommendations change dependingon the composition and size of the Population Zero? Explain the reasoning thatled you to your recommendations and analyze the results you are expecting toachieve.YourICM submission should consist of a 1 page Summary Sheet, a 1-2 page policyrecommendation, and your solution (not to exceed 20 pages) for a maximum of 23pages. Note: The appendix and references do not count toward the 23 page limit.References:https://www.kansascityfed.org/publications/community/transformworkforcehttps://www.kansascityfed.org/~/media/files/publicat/community/workforce/transformingworkforcedevelopment/book/transformingworkforcedevelopmentpolicies.pdfhttp://www.economist.com/blogs/freeexchange/2012/01/chinas-labour-force 2017年美賽F題賽題翻譯2017年ICM問題F:向火星遷移:2100城市社會的烏托邦勞動力
國際機構,星際金融與勘探政策實驗室(LIFE)最近(在今年的2095年)完成了對我們的鄰居星球火星的一系列短期計劃生活實驗。包括個性化人工增強裝置在內的新技術將很快使人類能夠在2100年之前居住在火星上的製造城市。第一波遷移,稱為人口零,將包括10,000人。LIFE機構啟動了專案UTOPIA:2100,其目標是為22世紀創造最佳勞動力,為所有人提供最佳生活質量,並在未來100年內實現可持續發展願景。在過去的20年中,在地球上設計和建造了幾個規劃的社群,測試了幾個計劃的生活條件。這些社群由經濟學,政府,勞動力和司法系統中的平等主義原則驅動。LIFE正在尋求一套數學和計算模型,這將為國際火星聯盟(ICM)政府提供如何設計一個他們可以與人口零度實施的經濟勞動力教育系統的資訊。為了確定要遵循的程式,LIFE聘請了最合格的決策者和資料科學家,目標是制定一套政策來實現向火星的遷移。您的三人政策建模團隊是顧問和決策者團隊的一部分。 ICM已經向您的小組詢問了一個政策模型和報告,這將產生一系列政策建議,這些建議將建立一個可持續的生活計劃,並將使2100年火星上的生活體驗甚至比當年的地球生活體驗更好。網路科學,系統科學,複雜系統,組織和工業心理學以及其他跨學科領域的新工具為理解社會和政府系統提供了新的見解,具有處理可擴充套件性問題的重要能力(與小型和大型人群及影響相關)),模態(多層)和動態(隨時間變化)。人口零度旨在為許多勞動力和社會生活因素提供最佳條件(請注意,另一個團隊正在執行健康政策,因此ICM要求您從分析中排除醫療保健)。人口零的使命是通過最大限度地提高公民的工作場所的經濟產出(GDP)和幸福來創造一個可持續發展的社會。當然,這兩個目標可能是對立的,因此政策建議必須考慮平衡因素,例如:●收入:確保適當的補償,以便所有人都能負擔得起基本必需品(住所,食物,衣服)。●教育:提供高質量的教育,使公民為22世紀的需求和挑戰做好準備。●平等:提高婦女在勞動力中的保留率,特別是在地球上代表性不足或受到歧視的領域。您的ICM指導任務是:1.確定人口零點中與三個優先因素(收入,教育和社會平等)相關的引數和具體結果。需要考慮的一些問題是:a)最低工資和工資分配(收入); b)高效勞動力所需的技能; 獲得這些技能所需的治理型別和基礎設施(教育); c)產假和陪產假,負擔得起的兒童保育,以確保人們能夠留在勞動力隊伍中(社會平等)。a)確定並確定具體結果,這些結果將表明未來十年(2100-2110年)三個因素的積極結果。考慮每個因素的目標是什麼; 例如,目標是改善所有公民的生活質量或提高系統的產出量。b)人口的主要特徵(如人口統計,人口規模和工作條件)會對這些結果產生什麼影響?c)通過識別和定義三個因素中每個因素的關鍵引數,建立用於評估系統是否滿足其目標的度量標準。2.您被要求生成10,000人的樣本人口以移民到火星。從人口普查資料集中提取資料(下面提供了一個連結)或合成一個數據集。a)從您的資料集中,識別並分析此人口零模擬的人口統計特徵。分析和描述人口統計分佈,例如性別,種族,年齡和教育水平。b)考慮公民在有助於實現UTOPIA目標的因素方面的分佈:2100 - 建立和平,合作,PUMS資料鏈接(如果您希望使用此人口普查資料):PUMS資料可通過以下連結找到:http://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/technicaldocumentation/pums.htmlhttp://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/data/pums/2015/1- Year/ o這些連結顯示瞭如何在R中提取資料:https://stat.ethz.ch/R-manual/R-devel/library/base/html/sample.htmlhttps://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/sampling/sampling.pdf此連結顯示如何在MATLAB中提取資料:https://www.mathworks.com/help/stats/datasample.htmlrequestedDomain=www.mathworks.com3.建立一個包含三個已確定因素(收入,教育和社會平等)的模型。使用您在任務1中建立的引數,定義未來10年成功社會的關鍵要素。在整合這三個因素時,引數之間的關鍵相互依賴性是什麼?是否需要額外的限制來保持10年期間的結果?應該多久評估一次模型,以確保繼續滿足UTOPIA2100的目標?可能影響該時期模型可行性的經濟,社會,文化和其他全球因素是什麼?基於這些因素和約束,請回答以下問題:a)確定最佳的最低工資和工資分配,以最好地管理福利(更高的生活質量)與支援那些設施較差的人提供勞務服務之間的緊張關係。b)通過新想法的貢獻,確定模型中可以最大程度改進的術語。描述激勵這些新想法的貢獻的動機。c)什麼是最好的托兒和陪產假/產假策略?4.現在您已經為這三個因子建立了模型,繼續將這些模型合併到一個全域性模型中。在任務3中,您設計了一個模型,為整個社會提供最佳結果。現在,考慮一下該模型如何適用於不同的群體?a)確定您的員工的主要子群,並確定他們的主要優先事項。例如,非熟練勞動力可能與工作時間,殘疾護理,兒童保育和最低工資有關,而專業勞動力的優先事項可能是休假,培訓和育兒假。您的模型將決定您考慮的子組。您可能必須開發新引數以充分評估每個組的優先順序。b)瞭解每個小組將有不同的需求,觀點和成功標準,分析他們在收入,教育和平等方面的需求有多接近。例如,您的模型在教育水平上的功能是否不同?不同年齡段?不同的文化價值?您的模型對女性或男性有效嗎?家庭如何受到影響?c)考慮到您已識別的子組,您之前的模型可能不再產生最佳結果。通過新增新約束或引數來調整模型,以優化不同子組的需求。目標是在不顯著降低全球結果的情況下最大化子組的優先結果。5.LIFE計劃在未來100年內逐步實施額外遷移。a)您的模型對各種遷移階段的人口選擇有多敏感?這一人口的人口分佈是否會顯著改變結果?您的抽樣程式如何影響您的模型?如果未來幾年的遷移和增長與人口零度(一次新制造城市中的10,000人)相似,那麼您將如何更改下一次遷移的模型?您的招聘和選拔流程有多可持續?b)這個長期計劃與10年計劃有很大不同嗎?您的10年願景和建議中是否存在不可持續的100年願景?確定任何新的引數或約束,以確保您的模型在整個22世紀繼續有效。6.令人震驚的訊息是,科學家發現了地球與行星大小的彗星碰撞的威脅。我們需要撤離地球,讓儘可能多的人遷移到火星,以便生活在擴大的製造城市中。a)你的模型還能運作嗎?如果遷移分階段發生會有所不同嗎?b)研究模型的穩健性,並評論其對更大規模遷移的一般敏感性。d)說明模型相對於主要遷移的優缺點。7.撰寫針對LIFE主任的政策建議,其中包括基於您的模型和ICM方向的收入,教育,平等政策等因素。您的建議會根據人口零點的構成和大小而改變嗎?解釋導致您提出建議並分析您期望實現的結果的原因。您的ICM提交應包含1頁摘要表,1-2頁政策建議和您的解決方案(不超過20頁),最多23頁。注意:附錄和參考文獻不計入23頁限制。參考文獻:https://www.kansascityfed.org/publications/community/transformworkforcehttps://www.kansascityfed.org/~/media/files/publicat/community/workforce/transformingworkforcedevelopment/book/transformingworkforcedevelopmentpolicies.pdfhttp://www.economist.com/blogs/freeexchange/2012/01/chinas-labour-force 2017年美賽F題優秀論文解讀2017年美國大學生數學建模競賽有800支隊伍選擇了F題,其中有4支隊伍獲得了特等獎。他們分別是64486、68940、72197、72283,我們對這4篇特等獎論文進行了簡單的分析,結果如下:(1)64486隊伍提出了一種在可持續性範圍內最大限度地提高勞動力經濟產出和工作滿意度的模型。建立了一個自適應系統,並對其動力學進行了定義.而且用真實世界的人口普查資料(PAMS2015[1])對該系統進行模擬,以找到最優可行的解決方案。首先,他們構建了一個引數框架,其中包含了三個方面的變數:收入、教育和社會平等。從普查資料庫中存在的基本引數得出了揭示社會特徵的指標。通過層次分析法,他們確定了關鍵引數,其中幸福指數是評價公民幸福狀況的重要綜合指標。第二,他們制定了選擇10000名移民的標準。第三,他們建立了一個模型來模擬種群零的動態演化。並用人口學、經濟學和幸福指數詳細地討論了一個樣本結果。此外,還利用這個模型找到了經濟更快發展和社會福利更好這兩個矛盾目標之間的平衡點。通過對人口資料進行主成分分析,他們將成功社會的關鍵要素定義為高平均家庭收入、高最低工資和低標準差。並採用遺傳演算法求解三目標優化問題.接下來,他們將收入、教育和社會平等的模型合併成一個全球模型,並在不同的社會群體中進行檢驗。他們將這些子組劃分為專業工人和非熟練工人。建立了一個非線性規劃模型,確定了不同子組之間的資源分配策略。最後從複雜網路理論的角度研究移民潮的影響。他們建立了一個無標度的複雜網路,用擁有小型的世界財產以代表包括火星居民和新移民在內的所有個人之間的人際關係。(2)68940隊伍建立了一個agent-based的模型,利用美國人口普查局的職業收入資料,模擬火星上1萬名代理商的真實世界資料。為了最大限度地提高社會福利和生產力,他們選擇了監測經濟狀況,並制定衡量基於代理的因素對社群福祉的影響的指標。測量了這些代理產生的社群的多個引數,這使得我們能夠評估經濟狀況。根據這些引數,我們生成了三個度量指標:收入度量I、教育度量E和平等度量Q。此外,他們的模型還包括幾個經濟指標和特性,如通貨膨脹率、累進稅制、總投資和政府債務等。利用他們的模型,他們發現最佳初始人口的平均年齡為37歲,創新者與生產者的比例為1:10。對他們的指標的分析表明,假設存在基礎設施,火星社會可以支援1萬多人從地球上緊急遷移。事實證明,政府控制通貨膨脹對維持人民的購買力至關重要。(3)72197隊伍發現地球上的人類文明日益受到收入不平等、非生產性教育系統和基於性別的歧視的困擾。在瞭解了這一問題的複雜性之後,他們的模型側重於改進這三個缺點。在收入模式中,他們的目標是通過實施北歐社會模式來減少收入不平等。因此,他們的最低工資是20,000元,而累進稅率則會隨入息而增加,直至上限達到50%為止。他們用基尼係數來衡量不平等,把它從0.58降到0.33,這接近北歐的水平。在教育模式中,他們使用加權決策矩陣,根據不同學科對社會所支援的價值觀和經濟應用領域的貢獻,對不同學科進行排序。在社會平等模型中,利用機會成本分析方法,根據托兒費用和其他人口資料,模擬男女勞動力的保留率。從這裡,確定了7,500美元的標準托兒費用以及同等長度的產假和陪產假。他們將教育和社會平等模式與所得稅模式結合起來,以驗證其政策在經濟上是可行的。在嘗試建立一個烏托邦社會時,他們也考慮到他們的模式在其範圍上的侷限性。(4)72283隊伍建立一組定量支援的模型,以評估人口零度火星上的殖民地的各種屬性和結果。首先,他們為三個優先順序因素中的收入,教育和平等定義了重要的指標和評估標準。將收入分解為經濟效率和經濟平等,他們決定將GDP,基尼係數和社會最低工資作為主要指標。最後,從性別和文化角度考慮了平等,使用了一種稱為不相似的度量。當被要求分析人口統計資料和人口因素零對火星上殖民地的結構和目標至關重要時,他們通過維度分析確定了火星上的農民生產力與基本的人類消費需求,大約25%的零人口將是農民。此外,準馬爾可夫鏈模型使他們能夠確定年齡的最佳初始分佈,並且通過邏輯,我們將人口平均分為男性和女性。接下來,他們通過為每個優先領域開發模型,將先前確定的指標應用於收入,教育和平等。他們基於不同的模擬揭示了收入平等和社會平等之間的權衡,我們發現了一個合理長度的育兒假。隨後,他們將三個模型整合為一個模型,以評估不同子群體在社會中的滿意度,作為我們主要優先領域的一個功能。在他們的每個關鍵引數(如GDP和不相似性)上開發並應用基於資料的權重,他們發現關鍵引數的值是強值。他們意識到移民可以通過多種方式進行,我們分析了三種截然不同的移民方法/政策對年齡分佈和經濟影響的影響,以便了解哪些移民方法/政策相對可持續。繼而發現,逐漸遷移是將新種群引入原始殖民地的最佳形式。