Python SMTP傳送郵件

一、郵件的幾個要素

使用程式碼發郵件的好處

• 可以批量發郵件，減少人工勞動
• 可以自動，定時，報警，報告等需求

電子郵件的工作原理

簡單郵件傳輸協議(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, SMTP)是事實上的在Internet傳輸Email的標準。SMTP是一個相對簡單的基於文字的協議。在其之上指定了一條訊息的一個或多個接收者 (在大多數情況下被確認是存在的) ，然後訊息文字會被傳輸。

傳送郵件分幾步？

• 開啟郵件
• 登陸
• 寫正文
• 傳送
• 退出

Python裡面怎麼發郵件？

smtplib模組，使用smtp物件進行各種操作

怎麼使用Python發郵件？

Python建立 SMTP 物件語法如下：

 import smtplib
 smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP( [host [, port [, local_hostname]]] )

引數說明：

• host: SMTP 伺服器主機。 你可以指定主機的ip地址或者域名如: csdn.com，這個是可選引數。
• port: 如果你提供了 host 引數, 你需要指定 SMTP 服務使用的埠號，一般情況下 SMTP 埠號為25。
• local_hostname: 如果 SMTP 在你的本機上，你只需要指定伺服器地址為 localhost 即可。

Python SMTP 物件使用 sendmail 方法傳送郵件，語法如下：

SMTP.sendmail(from_addr, to_addrs, msg[, mail_options, rcpt_options])

引數說明：

• from_addr: 郵件傳送者地址。
• to_addrs: 字串列表，郵件傳送地址。
• msg: 傳送訊息

這裡要注意一下第三個引數，msg 是字串，表示郵件。我們知道郵件一般由標題，發信人，收件人，郵件內容，附件等構成，傳送郵件的時候，要注意 msg 的格式。這個格式就是 smtp 協議中定義的格式。

發個郵件普通郵件

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import smtplib
from smtplib import SMTP_SSL 
from email.header import Header 
from email.mime.text import MIMEText


def get_password():  #  獲取郵箱授權碼
    return "郵箱授權碼"

def send_email(username):
    smtp = SMTP_SSL("smtp.qq.com","465")  #  郵件伺服器地址
    smtp.login("[email protected]", get_password())  #  郵件賬戶密碼
    text = f"{username}：  \n         歡迎來到'延瓚@Yankerp'CSDN部落格站點..."
    
    msg = MIMEText(text, "plain", "utf-8")
    msg["Subject"] = Header("歡迎您來到延瓚@Yankerp", "utf-8")  #  郵件的標題.
    msg["from"] = "[email protected]"
    msg["to"] = "[email protected]"
    smtp.sendmail("[email protected]", "[email protected]",  msg.as_string())
    smtp.quit()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    send_email("親")

發個帶附件郵件

def send_email_attach(body, attachment):
    smtp = SMTP_SSL("smtp.qq.com")  #  郵件伺服器地址
    smtp.login("[email protected]", get_password())  #  郵件賬戶密碼
    msg = MIMEMultipart() # 構造一個MIMEMultipart物件代表郵件本身
    msg["Subject"] = Header("歡迎您來到延瓚@Yankerp", "utf-8")
    # plain代表純文字
    msg.attach(MIMEText(body, "plain", "utf-8"))

    with open(attachment, "rb") as f:
        mime = MIMEBase("text", "txt", filename=attachment)
        mime.add_header("Content-Disposition", "attachment", filename=attachment)
        mime.set_payload(f.read())
        encoders.encode_base64(mime)
        msg.attach(mime)
    try:
        smtp.sendmail("[email protected]", "[email protected]",  msg.as_string())
        smtp.quit()
    except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
        print(e)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # send_email("親")
    send_email_attach("親", r"D:\文件\csdn.md")

帶個html

def send_email_all(body, maintype="plain", attachment=None):
    smtp = SMTP_SSL("smtp.qq.com")  #  郵件伺服器地址
    smtp.login("[email protected]", get_password())  #  郵件賬戶密碼
    smtp.set_debuglevel(1)
    msg = MIMEMultipart() # 構造一個MIMEMultipart物件代表郵件本身
    msg["Subject"] = Header("歡迎您來到延瓚@Yankerp", "utf-8")
    # plain代表純文字
    msg.attach(MIMEText(body, maintype, "utf-8"))

    if attachment:
        with open(attachment, "rb") as f:
            mime = MIMEBase("text", "txt", filename=attachment)
            mime.add_header("Content-Disposition", "attachment", filename=attachment)
            mime.set_payload(f.read())
            encoders.encode_base64(mime)
            msg.attach(mime)
    try:
        smtp.sendmail("[email protected]", "[email protected]",  msg.as_string())
        smtp.quit()
    except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
        print(e)
        
if __name__ == "__main__":
	send_email_all(html, "html", r"D:\文件\監控平臺.txt")
"""

html = """
<h1>Welcome to [email protected]</h1>
<h2>info</h2>
<table border="1">
    <tr>
        <th>姓名</th>
        <th>城市</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>Yankerp</td>
        <td>北京</td>
    </tr>
</table>

測試程式碼

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import smtplib
from smtplib import SMTP_SSL 
from email.header import Header 
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email import encoders


def get_password():  #  獲取郵箱授權碼
    return "郵箱授權碼"


def send_email(username):
    smtp = SMTP_SSL("smtp.qq.com", "465")  #  郵件伺服器地址
    smtp.login("[email protected]", get_password())  #  郵件賬戶密碼
    text = f"{username}：  \n         歡迎來到'延瓚@Yankerp'CSDN部落格站點..."

    msg = MIMEText(text, "plain", "utf-8")
    msg["Subject"] = Header("歡迎您來到延瓚@Yankerp", "utf-8")  #  郵件的標題.
    # msg["from"] = "[email protected]"
    # msg["to"] = "[email protected]"
    smtp.sendmail("[email protected]", "[email protected]",  msg.as_string())
    smtp.quit()


def send_email_attach(body, attachment):
    smtp = SMTP_SSL("smtp.qq.com")  #  郵件伺服器地址
    smtp.login("[email protected]", get_password())  #  郵件賬戶密碼
    msg = MIMEMultipart() # 構造一個MIMEMultipart物件代表郵件本身
    msg["Subject"] = Header("歡迎您來到延瓚@Yankerp", "utf-8")
    # plain代表純文字
    msg.attach(MIMEText(body, "plain", "utf-8"))

    with open(attachment, "rb") as f:
        mime = MIMEBase("text", "txt", filename=attachment)
        mime.add_header("Content-Disposition", "attachment", filename=attachment)
        mime.set_payload(f.read())
        encoders.encode_base64(mime)
        msg.attach(mime)
    try:
        smtp.sendmail("[email protected]", "[email protected]",  msg.as_string())
        smtp.quit()
    except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
        print(e)


def send_email_all(body, maintype="plain", attachment=None):
    smtp = SMTP_SSL("smtp.qq.com")  #  郵件伺服器地址
    smtp.login("[email protected]", get_password())  #  郵件賬戶密碼
    smtp.set_debuglevel(1)
    msg = MIMEMultipart() # 構造一個MIMEMultipart物件代表郵件本身
    msg["Subject"] = Header("歡迎您來到延瓚@Yankerp", "utf-8")
    # plain代表純文字
    msg.attach(MIMEText(body, maintype, "utf-8"))

    if attachment:
        with open(attachment, "rb") as f:
            mime = MIMEBase("text", "txt", filename=attachment)
            mime.add_header("Content-Disposition", "attachment", filename=attachment)
            mime.set_payload(f.read())
            encoders.encode_base64(mime)
            msg.attach(mime)
    try:
        smtp.sendmail("[email protected]", "[email protected]",  msg.as_string())
        smtp.quit()
    except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
        print(e)

html = """
<h1>Welcome to [email protected]</h1>
<h2>info</h2>
<table border="1">
    <tr>
        <th>姓名</th>
        <th>城市</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>Yankerp</td>
        <td>北京</td>
    </tr>
</table>
"""

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # send_email("親")
    # send_email_attach("親", r"D:\文件\csdn.md")
    send_email_all(html, "html", r"D:\文件\監控平臺.txt")