2012-10-26

周海漢

2012.10.26

前言

要讓apache支援django，首先要支援python。wsgi是目前效率最高的支援python的模組，遵循wsgi標準。

關於apache的編譯安裝，請參考我此前寫的《apache httpd 2.4.3編譯安裝》，本篇介紹如何讓apache支援wsgi。

下載 [[email protected] ~]$ wget http://modwsgi.googlecode.com/files/mod_wsgi-3.4.tar.gz

編譯 [[email protected] ~]$ tar zxvf mod_wsgi-3.4.tar.gz

[

[email protected] ~]$ cd mod_wsgi-3.4 [[email protected] mod_wsgi-3.4]$ ./configure checking for apxs2… no checking for apxs… no checking Apache version… ./configure: line 1704: apxs: command not found

centos 5.5自帶的apache沒有apxs模組，所以需要自己編譯apache，參考《apache httpd 2.4.3編譯安裝》，使其支援apxs。

另外，需要最新python版本。centos自帶的是python 2.4，至少需要python 2.6 以上。我這裡採用最新版python 2.7.2.，到http://www.python.org下載。

安裝python 2.7

[[email protected] ~]$ tar zxvf Python-2.7.2.tgz

[[email protected] Python-2.7.2]$ ./configure

這裡，必須用–enable-shared，生成動態庫，否則會遇到wsgi不能編譯的問題。

[[email protected] Python-2.7.2]$ make [[email protected] Python-2.7.2]$ sudo make install /usr/local/lib/python2.7 /usr/local/bin/python [

[email protected] bin]$ sudo mv python python2.4 [[email protected] bin]$ pwd /usr/bin [[email protected] bin]$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/python python [[email protected] bin]$ python Python 2.7.2 (default, Oct 26 2012, 11:05:43) [[email protected] ~]# yum No module named yum [[email protected] ~]# vi /usr/bin/yum #!/usr/bin/python 改為 #!/usr/bin/python2.4 [[email protected] mod_wsgi-3.4]$ ./configure –with-apxs=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs [[email protected] mod_wsgi-3.4]$ make /usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libpython2.7.a(node.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against `a local symbol’ can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC /usr/local/lib/libpython2.7.a: could not read symbols: Bad value

這是32位和64位版本搞混的問題 參考http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/wiki/InstallationIssues

將/usr/local/lib下的python和庫刪除 [[email protected] Python-2.7.2]$ ./configure –enable-shared [[email protected] Python-2.7.2]$ make [[email protected] Python-2.7.2]$ sudo make install [[email protected] lib]$ python python: error while loading shared libraries: libpython2.7.so.1.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

找不到庫，需用ldconfig指定庫路徑

[[email protected] local]$ sudo ldconfig /usr/local/lib [[email protected] local]$ python Python 2.7.2 (default, Oct 26 2012, 11:52:55)

繼續編譯wsgi

[[email protected] mod_wsgi-3.4]$ ./configure –with-apxs=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs –with-python=/usr/local/bin/python2.7 [[email protected] mod_wsgi-3.4]$ make [[email protected] mod_wsgi-3.4]$ sudo make install

配置

修改httpd.conf配置,增加

LoadModule wsgi_module modules/mod_wsgi.so

為了防止原始碼被下載，一般將原始碼放在DocumentRoot之外的目錄。

但需要配置httpd.conf裡面目錄訪問許可權Allow from all，否則訪問時會引起403，not allowed錯誤。 我將wsgi測試程式放在/home/zhouhh/www，該目錄需要允許apache使用者有可讀許可權。 [[email protected] apache2]# vi conf/httpd.conf #same as sys.prefix WSGIPythonHome /usr/local

AllowOverride none

Require all denied

Require all granted Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> <Directory “/home/zhouhh/www”> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory>

HTTP請求處理指令碼

#WSGIScriptAlias /test /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/t.wsgi WSGIScriptAlias /test /home/zhouhh/www/test.wsgi <Directory “/usr/local/apache2/htdocs”> … Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> [[email protected] apache]# apachectl -k stop [[email protected] apache]# apachectl -k start

檢查一下模組

[[email protected] www]$ apachectl -l Compiled in modules: core.c mod_so.c http_core.c event.c [[email protected] www]$ apachectl -M Loaded Modules: core_module (static) so_module (static) http_module (static) mpm_event_module (static) authn_file_module (shared) authn_core_module (shared) authz_host_module (shared) authz_groupfile_module (shared) authz_user_module (shared) authz_core_module (shared) access_compat_module (shared) auth_basic_module (shared) reqtimeout_module (shared) filter_module (shared) mime_module (shared) log_config_module (shared) env_module (shared) headers_module (shared) setenvif_module (shared) version_module (shared) unixd_module (shared) status_module (shared) autoindex_module (shared) dir_module (shared) alias_module (shared) rewrite_module (shared) wsgi_module (shared)

此時能看到wsgi_module也已經載入 [[email protected] modules]$ ldd mod_wsgi.so libpython2.7.so.1.0 => /usr/local/lib/libpython2.7.so.1.0 (0x00002b9d6e909000) libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00002b9d6ecd3000) libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00002b9d6eeee000) libutil.so.1 => /lib64/libutil.so.1 (0x00002b9d6f0f3000) libm.so.6 => /lib64/libm.so.6 (0x00002b9d6f2f6000) libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00002b9d6f579000) /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00000037d9200000)

可以看到mod_wsgi.so指向的庫是正確的路徑

測試 [[email protected] www]$ pwd /home/zhouhh/www [[email protected] www]$ cat test.wsgi

def application(environ, start_response):
status = '200 OK'
output = 'Hello World!'
response_headers = [('Content-type', 'text/plain'),
('Content-Length', str(len(output)))]
start_response(status, response_headers)
return [output]

此時訪問 http://hadoop47/test.wsgi Not Found 訪問 http://hadoop47/test Hello World!

參考

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