使用@SpringBootTest註解進行單元測試
阿新 • • 發佈:2018-12-21
概述
@SpringBootTest註解是SpringBoot自1.4.0版本開始引入的一個用於測試的註解。基本用法如下:
1. 新增Maven依賴
<properties> <project>build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> </properties> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.5.6.RELEASE</version> </parent> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </properties>
2. 編寫啟動入口類
@SpringBootApplication
public class StartUpApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(StartUpApplication.class, args);
}
}
3. 編寫Controller類
@RestController public class HelloController { @RequestMapping("/") public String index() { return "Hello Spring Boot,Index!"; } @RequestMapping(value = "/test", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String test() { return "Spring Boot Test Demo!"; } }
4. 編寫測試類
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = StartUpApplication.class, webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT) public class HelloControllerTest { /** * @LocalServerPort 提供了 @Value("${local.server.port}") 的代替 */ @LocalServerPort private int port; private URL base; @Autowired private TestRestTemplate restTemplate; @Before public void setUp() throws Exception { String url = String.format("http://localhost:%d/", port); System.out.println(String.format("port is : [%d]", port)); this.base = new URL(url); } /** * 向"/test"地址傳送請求,並列印返回結果 * * @throws Exception */ @Test public void test1() throws Exception { ResponseEntity<String> response = this.restTemplate.getForEntity(this.base.toString() + "/test", String.class, ""); System.out.println(String.format("測試結果為:%s", response.getBody())); }
其中,classes屬性指定啟動類,SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT經常和測試類中@LocalServerPort一起在注入屬性時使用。會隨機生成一個埠號。
總結
我們發現,隨著Spring boot 版本的提升,單元測試變得更簡單了。