首先，hive在安裝配置完之後，在啟動之前，要先啟動hadoop。在zookeeper實現高可用的情況下，還要先啟動zookeeper，再啟動hadoop。

hadoop啟動之後，由於是初次安裝hive，因此要初始化元資料庫。使用的命令為schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema。顯示如下內容則表示初始化成功。

由於我的是高可用配置，但是啟動hadoop的時候只是直接採用start-all.sh命令進行啟動，在此之前並沒有先啟動zookeeper叢集，因此兩個namenode都是standby狀態，因此不對外提供服務。所以雖然hive可以初始化元資料，但執行hive命令時就會報錯如下：

[[email protected] bin]# hive
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/opt/hadoop/hive-2.3.3/apache-hive-2.3.3-bin/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.6.2.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.10.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]

Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/opt/hadoop/hive-2.3.3/apache-hive-2.3.3-bin/lib/hive-common-2.3.3.jar!/hive-log4j2.properties Async: true

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RemoteException(org.apache.hadoop.ipc.StandbyException): Operation category READ is not supported in state standby
	at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.StandbyState.checkOperation(StandbyState.java:87)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode$NameNodeHAContext.checkOperation(NameNode.java:1802)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.checkOperation(FSNamesystem.java:1321)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.getFileInfo(FSNamesystem.java:3821)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNodeRpcServer.getFileInfo(NameNodeRpcServer.java:1012)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocolPB.ClientNamenodeProtocolServerSideTranslatorPB.getFileInfo(ClientNamenodeProtocolServerSideTranslatorPB.java:855)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.proto.ClientNamenodeProtocolProtos$ClientNamenodeProtocol$2.callBlockingMethod(ClientNamenodeProtocolProtos.java)
	at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.ProtobufRpcEngine$Server$ProtoBufRpcInvoker.call(ProtobufRpcEngine.java:616)
	at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RPC$Server.call(RPC.java:982)
	at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$Handler$1.run(Server.java:2217)
	at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$Handler$1.run(Server.java:2213)
	at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
	at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:422)
	at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1754)
	at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$Handler.run(Server.java:2213)

	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:606)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.beginStart(SessionState.java:549)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.run(CliDriver.java:750)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.main(CliDriver.java:686)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
	at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:221)
	at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:136)
Caused by: org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RemoteException(org.apache.hadoop.ipc.StandbyException): Operation category READ is not supported in state standby
	at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.StandbyState.checkOperation(StandbyState.java:87)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode$NameNodeHAContext.checkOperation(NameNode.java:1802)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.checkOperation(FSNamesystem.java:1321)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.getFileInfo(FSNamesystem.java:3821)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNodeRpcServer.getFileInfo(NameNodeRpcServer.java:1012)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocolPB.ClientNamenodeProtocolServerSideTranslatorPB.getFileInfo(ClientNamenodeProtocolServerSideTranslatorPB.java:855)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.proto.ClientNamenodeProtocolProtos$ClientNamenodeProtocol$2.callBlockingMethod(ClientNamenodeProtocolProtos.java)
	at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.ProtobufRpcEngine$Server$ProtoBufRpcInvoker.call(ProtobufRpcEngine.java:616)
	at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RPC$Server.call(RPC.java:982)
	at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$Handler$1.run(Server.java:2217)
	at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$Handler$1.run(Server.java:2213)
	at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
	at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:422)
	at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1754)
	at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$Handler.run(Server.java:2213)

	at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.call(Client.java:1476)
	at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.call(Client.java:1413)
	at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.ProtobufRpcEngine$Invoker.invoke(ProtobufRpcEngine.java:229)
	at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy29.getFileInfo(Unknown Source)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocolPB.ClientNamenodeProtocolTranslatorPB.getFileInfo(ClientNamenodeProtocolTranslatorPB.java:776)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
	at org.apache.hadoop.io.retry.RetryInvocationHandler.invokeMethod(RetryInvocationHandler.java:191)
	at org.apache.hadoop.io.retry.RetryInvocationHandler.invoke(RetryInvocationHandler.java:102)
	at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy30.getFileInfo(Unknown Source)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient.getFileInfo(DFSClient.java:2117)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem$22.doCall(DistributedFileSystem.java:1305)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem$22.doCall(DistributedFileSystem.java:1301)
	at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystemLinkResolver.resolve(FileSystemLinkResolver.java:81)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem.getFileStatus(DistributedFileSystem.java:1317)
	at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem.exists(FileSystem.java:1425)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.createRootHDFSDir(SessionState.java:704)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.createSessionDirs(SessionState.java:650)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:582)
	... 9 more
 

 因此要正確的啟動hadoop高可用叢集，也就是先啟動zookeeper叢集，之後可以直接start-all.sh啟動hadoop叢集。接下來再嘗試執行hive，結果雖然沒有上面的錯誤了，但是又有新的錯誤，如下：

顯示說相對路徑的設定有問題，因此在hive-site.xml檔案中搜索system:java.io.tmpdir，搜尋到總共有四處。類似下圖所示。

 解決辦法是，在本地建立新的目錄，然後將四處所對應的value值全部替換成新建的目錄，接下來執行hive就正常了。