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9 MySQL--多表查詢

des 間接 所在 分享 spl har asc 銷售 多表連接查詢

多表查詢:
    http://www.cnblogs.com/linhaifeng/articles/7267596.html
    1.多表連接查詢
    2.符合條件連接查詢
    3.子查詢

一、準備表

技術分享圖片
#建表
create table department(
id int,
name varchar(20) 
);

create table employee(
id int primary key auto_increment,
name varchar(20),
sex enum(male,female) not null default 
male, age int, dep_id int ); #插入數據 insert into department values (200,技術), (201,人力資源), (202,銷售), (203,運營); insert into employee(name,sex,age,dep_id) values (egon,male,18,200), (alex,female,48,201), (wupeiqi,male,38,201), (yuanhao,female,28,202), (liwenzhou,male,18,200), (
jingliyang,female,18,204) ; #查看表結構和數據 mysql> desc department; +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ mysql
> desc employee; +--------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | | sex | enum(male,female) | NO | | male | | | age | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | dep_id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | +--------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ mysql> select * from department; +------+--------------+ | id | name | +------+--------------+ | 200 | 技術 | | 201 | 人力資源 | | 202 | 銷售 | | 203 | 運營 | +------+--------------+ mysql> select * from employee; +----+------------+--------+------+--------+ | id | name | sex | age | dep_id | +----+------------+--------+------+--------+ | 1 | egon | male | 18 | 200 | | 2 | alex | female | 48 | 201 | | 3 | wupeiqi | male | 38 | 201 | | 4 | yuanhao | female | 28 | 202 | | 5 | liwenzhou | male | 18 | 200 | | 6 | jingliyang | female | 18 | 204 | +----+------------+--------+------+--------+ 表department與employee
View Code

二、多表連接查詢

#重點:外鏈接語法

SELECT 字段列表
    FROM 表1 INNER|LEFT|RIGHT JOIN 表2
    ON 表1.字段 = 表2.字段;

1 交叉連接:不適用任何匹配條件。生成笛卡爾積

技術分享圖片
mysql> select * from employee,department;
+----+------------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+
| id | name       | sex    | age  | dep_id | id   | name         |
+----+------------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+
|  1 | egon       | male   |   18 |    200 |  200 | 技術         |
|  1 | egon       | male   |   18 |    200 |  201 | 人力資源     |
|  1 | egon       | male   |   18 |    200 |  202 | 銷售         |
|  1 | egon       | male   |   18 |    200 |  203 | 運營         |
|  2 | alex       | female |   48 |    201 |  200 | 技術         |
|  2 | alex       | female |   48 |    201 |  201 | 人力資源     |
|  2 | alex       | female |   48 |    201 |  202 | 銷售         |
|  2 | alex       | female |   48 |    201 |  203 | 運營         |
|  3 | wupeiqi    | male   |   38 |    201 |  200 | 技術         |
|  3 | wupeiqi    | male   |   38 |    201 |  201 | 人力資源     |
|  3 | wupeiqi    | male   |   38 |    201 |  202 | 銷售         |
|  3 | wupeiqi    | male   |   38 |    201 |  203 | 運營         |
|  4 | yuanhao    | female |   28 |    202 |  200 | 技術         |
|  4 | yuanhao    | female |   28 |    202 |  201 | 人力資源     |
|  4 | yuanhao    | female |   28 |    202 |  202 | 銷售         |
|  4 | yuanhao    | female |   28 |    202 |  203 | 運營         |
|  5 | liwenzhou  | male   |   18 |    200 |  200 | 技術         |
|  5 | liwenzhou  | male   |   18 |    200 |  201 | 人力資源     |
|  5 | liwenzhou  | male   |   18 |    200 |  202 | 銷售         |
|  5 | liwenzhou  | male   |   18 |    200 |  203 | 運營         |
|  6 | jingliyang | female |   18 |    204 |  200 | 技術         |
|  6 | jingliyang | female |   18 |    204 |  201 | 人力資源     |
|  6 | jingliyang | female |   18 |    204 |  202 | 銷售         |
|  6 | jingliyang | female |   18 |    204 |  203 | 運營         |
+----+------------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+
View Code

內連接:只取兩張表的共同部分
select * from employee inner join department on employee.dep_id = department.id ;

左連接:在內連接的基礎上保留左表的記錄
select * from employee left join department on employee.dep_id = department.id ;

右連接:在內連接的基礎上保留右表的記錄
select * from employee right join department on employee.dep_id = department.id ;

全外連接:在內連接的基礎上保留左右兩表沒有對應關系的記錄
select * from employee full join department on employee.dep_id = department.id ;


select * from employee left join department on employee.dep_id = department.id
union
select * from employee right join department on employee.dep_id = department.id ;

2 內連接:只連接匹配的行

#找兩張表共有的部分,相當於利用條件從笛卡爾積結果中篩選出了正確的結果
#department沒有204這個部門,因而employee表中關於204這條員工信息沒有匹配出來
技術分享圖片
mysql> select employee.id,employee.name,employee.age,employee.sex,department.name from employee inner join department on employee.dep_id=department.id; 
+----+-----------+------+--------+--------------+
| id | name      | age  | sex    | name         |
+----+-----------+------+--------+--------------+
|  1 | egon      |   18 | male   | 技術         |
|  2 | alex      |   48 | female | 人力資源     |
|  3 | wupeiqi   |   38 | male   | 人力資源     |
|  4 | yuanhao   |   28 | female | 銷售         |
|  5 | liwenzhou |   18 | male   | 技術         |
+----+-----------+------+--------+--------------+

#上述sql等同於
mysql> select employee.id,employee.name,employee.age,employee.sex,department.name from employee,department where employee.dep_id=department.id;
View Code

3 外鏈接之左連接:優先顯示左表全部記錄

#以左表為準,即找出所有員工信息,當然包括沒有部門的員工
#本質就是:在內連接的基礎上增加左邊有右邊沒有的結果
技術分享圖片
mysql> select employee.id,employee.name,department.name as depart_name from employee left join department on employee.dep_id=department.id;
+----+------------+--------------+
| id | name       | depart_name  |
+----+------------+--------------+
|  1 | egon       | 技術         |
|  5 | liwenzhou  | 技術         |
|  2 | alex       | 人力資源     |
|  3 | wupeiqi    | 人力資源     |
|  4 | yuanhao    | 銷售         |
|  6 | jingliyang | NULL         |
+----+------------+--------------+
View Code

4 外鏈接之右連接:優先顯示右表全部記錄

#以右表為準,即找出所有部門信息,包括沒有員工的部門
#本質就是:在內連接的基礎上增加右邊有左邊沒有的結果
技術分享圖片
mysql> select employee.id,employee.name,department.name as depart_name from employee right join department on employee.dep_id=department.id;
+------+-----------+--------------+
| id   | name      | depart_name  |
+------+-----------+--------------+
|    1 | egon      | 技術         |
|    2 | alex      | 人力資源     |
|    3 | wupeiqi   | 人力資源     |
|    4 | yuanhao   | 銷售         |
|    5 | liwenzhou | 技術         |
| NULL | NULL      | 運營         |
+------+-----------+--------------+
View Code

5 全外連接:顯示左右兩個表全部記錄

全外連接:在內連接的基礎上增加左邊有右邊沒有的和右邊有左邊沒有的結果
#註意:mysql不支持全外連接 full JOIN
#強調:mysql可以使用此種方式間接實現全外連接
技術分享圖片
select * from employee left join department on employee.dep_id = department.id
union
select * from employee right join department on employee.dep_id = department.id
;
#查看結果
+------+------------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+
| id   | name       | sex    | age  | dep_id | id   | name         |
+------+------------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+
|    1 | egon       | male   |   18 |    200 |  200 | 技術         |
|    5 | liwenzhou  | male   |   18 |    200 |  200 | 技術         |
|    2 | alex       | female |   48 |    201 |  201 | 人力資源     |
|    3 | wupeiqi    | male   |   38 |    201 |  201 | 人力資源     |
|    4 | yuanhao    | female |   28 |    202 |  202 | 銷售         |
|    6 | jingliyang | female |   18 |    204 | NULL | NULL         |
| NULL | NULL       | NULL   | NULL |   NULL |  203 | 運營         |
+------+------------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+

#註意 union與union all的區別:union會去掉相同的紀錄
View Code

三 符合條件連接查詢

#示例1:以內連接的方式查詢employee和department表,並且employee表中的age字段值必須大於25,即找出年齡大於25歲的員工以及員工所在的部門
select employee.name,department.name from employee inner join department
    on employee.dep_id = department.id
    where age > 25;

#示例2:以內連接的方式查詢employee和department表,並且以age字段的升序方式顯示
select employee.id,employee.name,employee.age,department.name from employee,department
    where employee.dep_id = department.id
    and age > 25
    order by age asc;

參考:https://www.cnblogs.com/linhaifeng/articles/7267596.html#_label2

!!!重中之重:練習之前務必搞清楚sql邏輯查詢語句的執行順序

鏈接:http://www.cnblogs.com/linhaifeng/articles/7372774.html

參考答案:http://www.cnblogs.com/linhaifeng/articles/7895711.html

9 MySQL--多表查詢