1、下載
mkdir /data/sql
cd /data/sql

wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.41-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

2、查詢是否有安裝過mysql
rpm -qa | grep mysql

若有的話，卸載低版本的MySQL
rpm -e --nodeps mysql*

卸載MariaDB
查看當前安裝的mariadb包：# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
都卸載掉：# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64

3、重命名MySQL5.6.41名稱
mv mysql-5.6.41-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /data/mysql

因為我想mysql放在一個掛載盤下/data (屬於掛載盤的目錄)
但是basedir和datadir還是用/usr/local/mysql
就做個軟連接

ln -s /data/mysql /usr/local/

4、創建MySQL用戶及用戶組

groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql

chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql

5、安裝MySQL
先安裝一些庫文件
yum –y install perl perl-devel

/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

#####
問題1：若有提示：FATAL ERROR: please install the following Perl modules before executing /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db:

解決方法 ：安裝autoconf庫
命令：yum -y install autoconf

#####
問題2：Installing MySQL system tables.../usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
原因：缺少libaio庫文件
解決方法：yum install libaio* -y

6、/etc/profile文件裏添加下面MySQL環境變量
export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql
export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin

輸入命令使其生效
source /etc/profile

7、復制my.cnf
cp /data/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

添加一下內容：
具體參數根據你實際情況來， 自己調優

###############
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

port=3306
user=mysql

max_allowed_packet = 1024M
net_read_timeout = 60
net_retry_count = 10
net_write_timeout = 60
connect_timeout=30

max_connections=2000
skip-name-resolve=1

innodb_log_buffer_size = 32M
innodb_log_file_size = 1024M

#slow_query_log = ON
#slow_query_log_file = /usr/local/mysql/data/slow.log
#long_query_time = 1

character_set_server = utf8

#sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

[client]
default-character-set=utf8
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
max_allowed_packet=1024M

#################

8、初始化MySQL服務
cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@iZuf6g67k0g2w9urauj6npZ mysql]# mysqld_safe
180930 12:00:53 mysqld_safe Logging to ‘/var/log/mysqld.log‘.
180930 12:00:53 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data
180930 12:01:13 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended

9、設置開機啟動服務

cd /usr/local/mysql/
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on

開機啟動服務
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on

10、啟動MySQL服務
/etc/init.d/mysqld start

問題： [ERROR] Fatal error: Can‘t open and lock privilege tables: Table ‘mysql.user‘ doesn‘t exist
解決方法因為目錄沒有賦權MySQL導致，解決重新執行就可以
/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

若用了/ect/my.cnf來控制參數設置，那/data/mysql/下的my.cnf需要刪除掉，不然配置會優先/data/my.cnf

11、修改密碼及賦權

方法1： 用SET PASSWORD命令
首先登錄MySQL。
格式：mysql> set password for 用戶名@localhost = password(‘新密碼‘);
例子：mysql> set password for root@localhost = password(‘123‘);

方法2：用mysqladmin
格式：mysqladmin -u用戶名 -p舊密碼 password 新密碼
例子：mysqladmin -uroot -p123456 password 123

方法3：用UPDATE直接編輯user表
首先登錄MySQL。
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> update user set password=password(‘123‘) where user=‘root‘ and host=‘localhost‘;
mysql> flush privileges;

12、賦權
#指定IP、指定賬號、密碼訪問數據庫
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON . TO [username]@"[ip]" IDENTIFIED BY "[password]";
?
#指定IP、指定賬號、密碼訪問數據庫-查詢權限
mysql> grant select on 數據庫.* to 用戶@IP identified by ‘密碼‘;

#刷新
mysql> flush privileges;

Centos7.4下安裝mysql-5.6.41