註：以下所有操作均在CentOS 6.8 x86_64位系統下完成。

首先查看當前系統預裝的python版本：

# whereis python
python2: /usr/bin/python2 /usr/bin/python2.6 /usr/lib/python2.6 /usr/lib64/python2.6 /usr/include/python2.6
# pthyon --version
Python 2.6.6
# cd /usr/bin
# ls -l python*
-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4864 Aug 18  2016 python
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    6
 
 Aug 24  2017 python2 -> python
-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4864 Aug 18  2016 python2.6

系統默認安裝的是python-2.6.6，由於2.6版本已經不再被支持，所以這裏將其升級成2.7版本。

#安裝python#

開始下載python並進行編譯安裝：

# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7/Python-2.7.tgz
# tar zxf Python-2.7.tgz
# cd Python-2.7
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python-2.7
 

# make && make install

然後配置環境替換默認的python-2.6：

# vim /etc/profile

...
export PY_HOME=/usr/local/python-2.7
export PATH=$PY_HOME/bin:$PATH
...
# source /etc/profile
# python --version
Python 2.7

重新指向python2的軟鏈：

# rm -f /usr/bin/python2
# ln -s /usr/local/python-2.7/bin/python /usr/bin/python2

至此，python安裝完畢。

#安裝pip#

首先查看當前的pip的版本：

# whereis pip
pip: /usr/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip2.6
# pip --version
pip 9.0.1 from /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages (python 2.6)

當前的pip是python2.6的，所以同樣需要升級安裝。

首先需要安裝setuptools：

# wget https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/72/c2/c09362ab29338413ab687b47dab03bab4a792e2bbb727a1eb5e0a88e3b86/setuptools-39.0.1.zip
# unzip setuptools-39.0.1.zip
# cd setuptools-39.0.1
# python setup.py install
...
Installed /usr/local/python-2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools-39.0.1-py2.7.egg
Processing dependencies for setuptools==39.0.1
Finished processing dependencies for setuptools==39.0.1

然後安裝pip：

# wget https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e0/69/983a8e47d3dfb51e1463c1e962b2ccd1d74ec4e236e232625e353d830ed2/pip-10.0.0.tar.gz
# tar zxf pip-10.0.0.tar.gz
# cd pip-10.0.0
# python setup.py install
...
Installed /usr/local/python-2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-10.0.0-py2.7.egg
Processing dependencies for pip==10.0.0
Finished processing dependencies for pip==10.0.0

然後配置環境替換默認的pip：

# which pip
/usr/local/python-2.7/bin/pip
# source /etc/profile
# pip --version
pip 10.0.0 from /usr/local/python-2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-10.0.0-py2.7.egg/pip (python 2.7)

至此，安裝完成。

CentOS安裝python-2.7+安裝pip-10.0.0