Linux新磁盤分區格式化及掛載-fdisk命令
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-03-27
calling ext udev byte 開機 oca div them you
本文主解決linux系統的磁盤分區格式化及掛載問題
註意：
分區操作針對磁盤vda，sda等
vda1，sda1等是分區的名稱
1.檢查當前磁盤分區狀態
1.1.查看分區掛載情況
df -h
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
root@zstest:~# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on udev 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /dev tmpfs 1.6G 3.2M 1.6G 1% /run /dev/vda1 50G 5.7G 41G 13% / tmpfs 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock tmpfs 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/0
1.2.查看服務器掛載的磁盤
fdisk -l
root@zstest:~# fdisk -l Disk /dev/vda: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0xd6804155 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/vda1 * 2048 104855551 104853504 50G 83 Linux Disk /dev/vdb: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
2.對磁盤進行分區格式化操作
2.1.對vdb磁盤進行分區
fdisk /dev/vdb
以下是常用的分區操作：
m打印菜單
n新建分區
d刪除分區
p打印分區表
w寫入分區表保存
q退出
p選擇主分區
e選擇擴展分區
1選擇分區號
選擇初始位置，默認為1
選擇結束為止，默認為磁盤結尾
root@zstest:~# fdisk /dev/vdb Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.27.1). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Device does not contain a recognized partition table. Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x63c3e6e0. Command (m for help): n Partition type p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended (container for logical partitions) Select (default p): p Partition number (1-4, default 1): First sector (2048-104857599, default 2048): Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-104857599, default 104857599): Created a new partition 1 of type ‘Linux‘ and of size 50 GiB. Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered. Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.
2.2.重新查看磁盤分區表
root@zstest:~# fdisk -l Disk /dev/vda: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0xd6804155 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/vda1 * 2048 104855551 104853504 50G 83 Linux Disk /dev/vdb: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x63c3e6e0 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/vdb1 2048 104857599 104855552 50G 83 Linux
2.3..重新載入磁盤分區信息
partprobe /dev/vdb1
使用fdisk工具只是將分區信息寫到磁盤，
在格式化分區值前需要使用partprobe讓kernel重新讀取分區信息，如果不成功則需要重啟系統
無返回就是讀取成功
2.4.格式化磁盤分區
mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1
root@zstest:~# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1 mke2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015) Creating filesystem with 13106944 4k blocks and 3276800 inodes Filesystem UUID: 047fb8b0-e6ed-42db-bf5c-2a6d388fc34d Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 38 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
2.5.格式化完成後續優化配置
tune2fs -c -1 /dev/vdb1
root@zstest:~# tune2fs -c -1 /dev/vdb1 tune2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015) Setting maximal mount count to -1
3.掛載分區
3.1.掛載分區到指定目錄
mkdir -p /data mount /dev/vdb1 /data
3.2.配置開機自動掛載分區
vim /etc/fstab
增加以下內容
# made by zhaoshuai in 20180327 /dev/vdb1 /data ext4 defaults 0 0
完畢，呵呵呵呵
Linux新磁盤分區格式化及掛載-fdisk命令