Java死鎖範例以及如何分析死鎖（轉載自ImportNew）
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-02-21
ofo index 對象 str wait 就會 moni ask 進入
本文由 ImportNew - 範琦琦 翻譯自 journaldev。歡迎加入翻譯小組。轉載請見文末要求。
死鎖是兩個甚至多個線程被永久阻塞時的一種運行局面，這種局面的生成伴隨著至少兩個線程和兩個或者多個資源。在這裏我已寫好一個簡單的程序，它將會引起死鎖方案然後我們就會明白如何分析它。
Java死鎖範例
ThreadDeadlock.java
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 |
package com.journaldev.threads;
public class ThreadDeadlock {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Object obj1 = new Object();
Object obj2 = new Object();
Object obj3 = new Object();
Thread t1 = new Thread(new SyncThread(obj1, obj2), "t1");
Thread t2 = new Thread(new SyncThread(obj2, obj3), "t2");
Thread t3 = new Thread(new SyncThread(obj3, obj1), "t3");
t1.start();
Thread.sleep(5000);
t2.start();
Thread.sleep(5000);
t3.start();
}
}
class SyncThread implements Runnable{ private Object obj1;
private Object obj2;
public SyncThread(Object o1, Object o2){
this.obj1=o1;
this.obj2=o2;
}
@Override
public void run() {
String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();
System.out.println(name + " acquiring lock on "+obj1);
synchronized (obj1) {
System.out.println(name + " acquired lock on "+obj1);
work();
System.out.println(name + " acquiring lock on "+obj2);
synchronized (obj2) {
System.out.println(name + " acquired lock on "+obj2);
work();
}
System.out.println(name + " released lock on "+obj2);
}
System.out.println(name + " released lock on "+obj1);
System.out.println(name + " finished execution.");
}
private void work() {
try {
Thread.sleep(30000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
|
在上面的程序中同步線程正完成Runnable的接口，它工作的是兩個對象，這兩個對象向對方尋求死鎖而且都在使用同步阻塞。
在主函數中，我使用了三個為同步線程運行的線程，而且在其中每個線程中都有一個可共享的資源。
這些線程以向第一個對象獲取封鎖這種方式運行。但是當它試著像第二個對象獲取封鎖時，它就會進入等待狀態，因為它已經被另一個線程封鎖住了。這樣，在線程引起死鎖的過程中，就形成了一個依賴於資源的循環。
當我執行上面的程序時，就產生了輸出，但是程序卻因為死鎖無法停止。
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 |
t1 acquiring lock on java.lang.Object@6d9dd520
t1 acquired lock on java.lang.Object@6d9dd520
t2 acquiring lock on java.lang.Object@22aed3a5
t2 acquired lock on java.lang.Object@22aed3a5
t3 acquiring lock on java.lang.Object@218c2661
t3 acquired lock on java.lang.Object@218c2661
t1 acquiring lock on java.lang.Object@22aed3a5
t2 acquiring lock on java.lang.Object@218c2661
t3 acquiring lock on java.lang.Object@6d9dd520
|
在此我們可以清楚地在輸出結果中辨認出死鎖局面，但是在我們實際生活所用的應用中，發現死鎖並將它排除是非常難的。
分析死鎖
為了分析一個死鎖，我們需要關註下應用中的Java線程轉存，在上一節中我已經解釋了如何使用VisualVM收集資料或者jstack應用程序產生線程轉存。
以下就是上述程序的線程轉存。
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 |
2012-12-27 19:08:34
Full thread dump Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (23.5-b02 mixed mode):
"Attach Listener" daemon prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a2814000 nid=0x4007 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
"DestroyJavaVM" prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a2801000 nid=0x1703 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
"t3" prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a204b000 nid=0x4d07 waiting for monitor entry [0x000000015d971000]
java.lang.Thread.State: BLOCKED (on object monitor)
at com.journaldev.threads.SyncThread.run(ThreadDeadlock.java:41)
- waiting to lock <0x000000013df2f658> (a java.lang.Object)
- locked <0x000000013df2f678> (a java.lang.Object)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722)
"t2" prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a1073000 nid=0x4207 waiting for monitor entry [0x000000015d209000]
java.lang.Thread.State: BLOCKED (on object monitor)
at com.journaldev.threads.SyncThread.run(ThreadDeadlock.java:41)
- waiting to lock <0x000000013df2f678> (a java.lang.Object)
- locked <0x000000013df2f668> (a java.lang.Object)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722)
"t1" prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a1072000 nid=0x5503 waiting for monitor entry [0x000000015d86e000]
java.lang.Thread.State: BLOCKED (on object monitor)
at com.journaldev.threads.SyncThread.run(ThreadDeadlock.java:41)
- waiting to lock <0x000000013df2f668> (a java.lang.Object)
- locked <0x000000013df2f658> (a java.lang.Object)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722)
"Service Thread" daemon prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a1038000 nid=0x5303 runnable [0x0000000000000000]
java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
"C2 CompilerThread1" daemon prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a1037000 nid=0x5203 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
"C2 CompilerThread0" daemon prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a1016000 nid=0x5103 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
"Signal Dispatcher" daemon prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a4003000 nid=0x5003 runnable [0x0000000000000000]
java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
"Finalizer" daemon prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a4800000 nid=0x3f03 in Object.wait() [0x000000015d0c0000]
java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
- waiting on <0x000000013de75798> (a java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue$Lock)
at java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:135)
- locked <0x000000013de75798> (a java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue$Lock)
at java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:151)
at java.lang.ref.Finalizer$FinalizerThread.run(Finalizer.java:177)
"Reference Handler" daemon prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a4002000 nid=0x3e03 in Object.wait() [0x000000015cfbd000]
java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
- waiting on <0x000000013de75320> (a java.lang.ref.Reference$Lock)
at java.lang.Object.wait(Object.java:503)
at java.lang.ref.Reference$ReferenceHandler.run(Reference.java:133)
- locked <0x000000013de75320> (a java.lang.ref.Reference$Lock)
"VM Thread" prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a2049800 nid=0x3d03 runnable
"GC task thread#0 (ParallelGC)" prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a300d800 nid=0x3503 runnable
"GC task thread#1 (ParallelGC)" prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a2001800 nid=0x3603 runnable
"GC task thread#2 (ParallelGC)" prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a2003800 nid=0x3703 runnable
"GC task thread#3 (ParallelGC)" prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a2004000 nid=0x3803 runnable
"GC task thread#4 (ParallelGC)" prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a2005000 nid=0x3903 runnable
"GC task thread#5 (ParallelGC)" prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a2005800 nid=0x3a03 runnable
"GC task thread#6 (ParallelGC)" prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a2006000 nid=0x3b03 runnable
"GC task thread#7 (ParallelGC)" prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a2006800 nid=0x3c03 runnable
"VM Periodic Task Thread" prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a1015000 nid=0x5403 waiting on condition
JNI global references: 114
Found one Java-level deadlock:
=============================
"t3":
waiting to lock monitor 0x00007fb0a1074b08 (object 0x000000013df2f658, a java.lang.Object),
which is held by "t1"
"t1":
waiting to lock monitor 0x00007fb0a1010f08 (object 0x000000013df2f668, a java.lang.Object),
which is held by "t2"
"t2":
waiting to lock monitor 0x00007fb0a1012360 (object 0x000000013df2f678, a java.lang.Object),
which is held by "t3"
Java stack information for the threads listed above:
===================================================
"t3":
at com.journaldev.threads.SyncThread.run(ThreadDeadlock.java:41)
- waiting to lock <0x000000013df2f658> (a java.lang.Object)
- locked <0x000000013df2f678> (a java.lang.Object)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722)
"t1":
at com.journaldev.threads.SyncThread.run(ThreadDeadlock.java:41)
- waiting to lock <0x000000013df2f668> (a java.lang.Object)
- locked <0x000000013df2f658> (a java.lang.Object)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722)
"t2":
at com.journaldev.threads.SyncThread.run(ThreadDeadlock.java:41)
- waiting to lock <0x000000013df2f678> (a java.lang.Object)
- locked <0x000000013df2f668> (a java.lang.Object)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722)
Found 1 deadlock.
|
這三個線程轉存的輸出清楚地說明了死鎖環境和線程，以及包含死鎖環境的資源。
為了分析死鎖，我們需要關註死鎖狀態的線程，然後資源再等待去封鎖，每一個資源都有一個獨特的ID，有了這個ID我們就能發現是哪一個進程已經封鎖住對象。舉個例子，線程“t3”正在等待封鎖0x000000013df2f658,但是它已經被線程“t1”封鎖住了。
當我們分析死鎖環境的時候，如果發現線程正在引起死鎖，這是我們就要改變代碼來避免死鎖的產生。
避免死鎖
有很多方針可供我們使用來避免死鎖的局面。
- 避免嵌套封鎖：這是死鎖最主要的原因的，如果你已經有一個資源了就要避免封鎖另一個資源。如果你運行時只有一個對象封鎖，那是幾乎不可能出現一個死鎖局面的。例如，這裏是另一個運行中沒有嵌套封鎖的run()方法，而且程序運行沒有死鎖局面，運行得很成功。
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 |
public void run() {
String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();
System.out.println(name + " acquiring lock on " + obj1);
synchronized (obj1) {
System.out.println(name + " acquired lock on " + obj1);
work();
}
System.out.println(name + " released lock on " + obj1);
System.out.println(name + " acquiring lock on " + obj2);
synchronized (obj2) {
System.out.println(name + " acquired lock on " + obj2);
work();
}
System.out.println(name + " released lock on " + obj2);
System.out.println(name + " finished execution.");
}
|
- 只對有請求的進行封鎖：你應當只想你要運行的資源獲取封鎖，比如在上述程序中我在封鎖的完全的對象資源。但是如果我們只對它所屬領域中的一個感興趣，那我們應當封鎖住那個特殊的領域而並非完全的對象。
- 避免無限期的等待：如果兩個線程正在等待對象結束，無限期的使用線程加入，如果你的線程必須要等待另一個線程的結束，若是等待進程的結束加入最好準備最長時間。
原文鏈接： journaldev 翻譯： ImportNew.com - 範琦琦
譯文鏈接： http://www.importnew.com/9668.html
[ 轉載請保留原文出處、譯者和譯文鏈接。]
關於作者： 範琦琦
Java死鎖範例以及如何分析死鎖（轉載自ImportNew）