yum下載rpm包及源碼包安裝
阿新 • • 發佈:2017-11-15
yum rpm
7.6 yum更換國內源
恢復系統默認yum源配置:
[root@adai002 Packages]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# lsdvd.repo [root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# rm -f dvd.repo[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# ls[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# cp ../yum.repos.d.bak/* .[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# lsCentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo
自定義yum源:
[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# rm -f CentOS-Base.repo先刪除默認yum源,然後使用wget命令建立新yum源: [root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo-bash: wget: 未找到命令 此時wget命令未安裝,同時刪除了yum源文件,無法安裝wget包。 所以用下面的方法:“curl命令” [root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# curl -O http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed100 1572 100 1572 0 0 8959 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 8982[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# lsCentOS7-Base-163.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo
說明: 執行完curl命令後,原有yum源文件CentOS-Base.repo被替換成CentOS7-Base-163.repo。查看該yum源文件:
[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# vim CentOS7-Base-163.repo## CentOS-Base.repo## The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.## If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the # remarked out baseurl= line instead.##[base] name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - 163.com#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=osbaseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7#released updates[updates] name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - 163.com#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates "CentOS7-Base-163.repo" 41L, 1572C
其鏡像文件地址更換為:“baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/”。
註: 該過程中使用的yum源需要事先下載。
Finished!
7.7 yum下載rpm包
安裝擴展源epel
安裝一個擴展源文件(epel-release)即可:
[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# lsCentOS7-Base-163.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repoCentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y epel-release…… 已安裝: epel-release.noarch 0:7-9 完畢![root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# lsCentOS7-Base-163.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Vault.repoCentOS-CR.repo CentOS-Media.repo epel.repoCentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Sources.repo epel-testing.repo
安裝完成後,yum.repos.d/下增加“epel.repo”、“epel-testing.repo”兩個文件:
[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# cat epel.repo[epel] name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/$basearchmirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-7&arch=$basearchfailovermethod=priority enabled=1gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7……
查看:
[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# yum list……zulucrypt-doc.noarch 5.0.1-1.el7 epel zulucrypt-libs.x86_64 5.0.1-1.el7 epel zvbi.x86_64 0.2.35-1.el7 epel ……
增加了很多來自epel庫的rpm包。
下載rpm包
下載
命令:yum install -y [包名] --downloadonly
[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y zsh --downloadonly已加載插件:fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile …… zsh-5.0.2-25.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm | 2.4 MB 00:00:02 exiting because "Download Only" specified [root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# rpm -q zsh未安裝軟件包 zsh
即,該命令的含義就是只下載不安裝。
下載的包默認保存位置為:
[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/updates/packageszsh-5.0.2-25.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm
自定義下載目錄
命令:yum install -y [包名] --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/(自定義目錄)
[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y zsh --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# ls /tmp/zsh-5.0.2-25.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm
下載一個已經安裝過的包:
[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y vim-enhanced --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/已加載插件:fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net 軟件包 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-1.el7_3.1.x86_64 已安裝並且是最新版本 無須任何處理 [root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# yum reinstall -y vim-enhanced --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/已加載插件:fastestmirror …… [root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# ls /tmp/vim-enhanced-7.4.160-1.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm zsh-5.0.2-25.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm
說明: 當下一個已經安裝過的包時系統不會執行任何操作,此時可以使用“reinstall”來下該包。
7.8-7.9 源碼包安裝
先下載一個源碼包!
註: 今後所有源碼包放到目錄“/usr/local/src/”!!!
[root@adai002 src]# wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz 下載Apache!該地址來自於“阿銘碼市”。 下載完後解壓該文件: [root@adai002 src]# tar zxvf httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz[root@adai002 src]# lshttpd-2.2.32 httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz 查看文件httpd-2.2.32的內容: [root@adai002 src]# cd httpd-2.2.32[root@adai002 httpd-2.2.32]# lsABOUT_APACHE CHANGES httpd.dsp libhttpd.dep NOTICE server acinclude.m4 config.layout httpd.mak libhttpd.dsp NWGNUmakefile srclib Apache.dsw configure httpd.spec libhttpd.mak os support build configure.in include LICENSE README test BuildAll.dsp docs INSTALL Makefile.in README.platforms VERSIONING BuildBin.dsp emacs-style InstallBin.dsp Makefile.win README-win32.txt buildconf httpd.dep LAYOUT modules ROADMAP
安裝Apache:
① [root@adai002 httpd-2.2.32]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2checking for chosen layout... Apache checking for working mkdir -p... yes …… checking for chosen layout... apr checking for gcc... nochecking for cc... no當某命令運行結束後,使用"echo $?"檢驗其是否正確: [root@adai002 httpd-2.2.32]# echo $?1當該值為0時表示上一條命令正確,如果值為1則錯誤。 此處值為1,即上面命令錯誤,查看其安裝過程發現“checking for gcc... no”——表示“gcc”編譯器不存在,所以需要先安裝gcc編譯器: [root@adai002 httpd-2.2.32]# yum install -y gcc………… 完畢! [root@adai002 httpd-2.2.32]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2再次安裝。 [root@adai002 httpd-2.2.32]# echo $?0檢測,正確。 ② [root@adai002 httpd-2.2.32]# make 編譯!…… [root@adai002 httpd-2.2.32]# echo $?0③ [root@adai002 httpd-2.2.32]# make install…… [root@adai002 httpd-2.2.32]# echo $?0每次命令執行完後用“echo $?”進行檢測,確保其正確。 安裝完成! 查看其安裝目錄的內容: [root@adai002 httpd-2.2.32]# ls /usr/local/apache2/bin build cgi-bin conf error htdocs icons inc
本文出自 “芬野_de博客” 博客,請務必保留此出處http://yuanhaohao.blog.51cto.com/7714752/1981859
yum下載rpm包及源碼包安裝