Given a N × N matrix A, whose element in the i-th row and j-th column A_ij is an number that equals i² + 100000 × i + j² - 100000 × j + i × j, you are to find the M-th smallest element in the matrix.

Input

The first line of input is the number of test case.
For each test case there is only one line contains two integers, N

Output

For each test case output the answer on a single line.

Sample Input

12

1 1

2 1

2 2

2 3

2 4

3 1

3 2

3 8

3 9

5 1

5 25

5 10

Sample Output

3
-99993
3
12
100007
-199987
-99993
100019
200013
-399969
400031
-99939
 

剛看到題的時候依舊一臉懵逼，不知道從哪開始下手，還是向大佬的題解妥協了

式子是關於i單調遞增的（求偏導……都會得……嗯……）然後，找突破口

先二分答案x，然後二分的去找每行<x的個數，根據小於x的個數來調整x的大小。。。——二分套二分……

#include<iostream>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<cmath>
#include<string.h>
#include<algorithm>
typedef long long ll;
using namespace std;
ll n, m,t;
 
bool judge(ll a, ll b,ll c)
{
    return (a*a + 100000*a + b*b - 100000*b + a*b)<c;
}
bool C(ll x)
{
    ll crt = 0;
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)  //i從1開始
    {
        ll le = 0, r = n + 1;
        while (le<r-1)  //找沒行多少個小於mid的
        {
            ll mi = (r + le) /2 ;
            if (judge(mi, i, x)) le = mi;
            else r = mi;
        }
        crt += le;  
    }
    return crt < m;
}
int main()
{
       scanf("%lld", &t);
        while (t--)
        {
            scanf("%lld%lld",&n, &m);
            ll l = -100000*n, h = 3*n*n+100000*n;  //不懂為什麽換成inf就WA
            while(h-l>1)
            {
                ll mid = (h + l) / 2;
                if (C(mid)) l = mid;
                else h = mid;
            }
            printf("%lld\n", l);
        }
    return 0;
}

POJ 3685 二分套二分