一、安裝mysql

1、 生產環境如何選擇MySQL版本

1. 選擇社區版的穩定GA版本
2. 可以選擇5.1或5.5.互聯網公司主流5.5， 其次是5.1和5.6
3. 選擇發布後6個月以上的GA版
4. 要選擇前後幾個月沒有打的BUG修復的版本，而不是大量修復BUG的幾種版本
5. 最好選擇向後較長時間沒有更新發布的版本
6. 考慮開發人員開發程序使用的版本是否兼容你選的版本
7. 企業非核心業務采用新版本的數據庫GA版本軟件
8. 作為內部開發測試數據庫環境，跑大概3-6個月時間
9. 向DBA高手請教，或者在技術氛圍好的群裏和大家一起交流，使用真正高手用過的好用的GA版本產品
10. 經過上述工序後，若沒有重要的功能BUG或性能瓶頸，則可以開始考慮作為任何業務數據服務的後端數據庫軟件。

2、 MySql數據庫的多種安裝方法

1. yum/rpm安裝
2. 常規方式編譯安裝
3. 采用cmake方式編譯安裝
4. 二進制方式免編譯安裝

3、 需要的軟件

cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz
rubymysql-5.5.32.tar.gz

4、編譯安裝cmake

mkdir /home/oldboy/tools
cd /home/oldboy/tools/
tar xf cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz
cd cmake-2.8.8
./configure 
make &make install

5、編譯安裝mysql

tar xf mysql-5.5.32.tar.gz
yum install ncurses-devel -y
groupadd mysql
useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M -g mysql

6、cmake編譯安裝mysql

cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/application/mysql-5.5.32 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/application/mysql-5.5.32/data -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/application/mysql-5.5.32/tmp/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=gbk,gb2312,utf8,ascii -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_FAST_MUTEXES=1 -DWITH_ZLIB=bundled -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 -DWITH_DEBUG=0

make && make install

export PATH="/application/mysql/bin:$PATH"

echo ‘export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH‘ >> /etc/profile

7、檢查是否安裝成功

echo $?
0   （輸出0表示成功）

8、創建軟連接

ln -s /application/mysql-5.5.32 /application/mysql

9、復制mysql配置文件

cd /home/oldboy/tools/mysql-5.5.32
cp support-files/my-small.cnf /etc/my.cnf

二、部署多實例的MySQL數據庫

1、使用創建以下目錄及文件

[[email protected] tools]#mkdir -pv /data/{3306,3307}/data
[[email protected] tools]# tree data
data
├── 3306
│   ├── my.cnf
│   └── mysql
└── 3307
    ├── my.cnf
    └── mysql

2 directories, 4 files
[[email protected] tools]# 

my.cnf文件示例，此例是3306端口的配置，3307實例要將以下兩個文件中所有的3306替換成你的實例端口，此次是3307.
在vim編輯器下：%s/3306/3307/g
並修改my.cnf下server-id與其他實例不同id（server-id = 1或2總之不一樣就行）

 1 [client]
  2 port            = 3306                                    
  3 socket          = /data/3306/mysql.sock
  4 
  5 [mysql]
  6 no-auto-rehash
  7 
  8 [mysqld]
  9 user    = mysql
 10 port    = 3306
 11 socket  = /data/3306/mysql.sock
 12 basedir = /application/mysql
 13 datadir = /data/3306/data
 14 open_files_limit    = 1024
 15 back_log = 600
 16 max_connections = 800
 17 max_connect_errors = 3000
 18 table_cache = 614
 19 external-locking = FALSE
 20 max_allowed_packet =8M
 21 sort_buffer_size = 1M
 22 join_buffer_size = 1M
 23 thread_cache_size = 100
 24 thread_concurrency = 2
 25 query_cache_size = 2M
 26 query_cache_limit = 1M
 27 query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
 28 #default_table_type = InnoDB
 29 thread_stack = 192K
 30 #transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
 31 tmp_table_size = 2M
 32 max_heap_table_size = 2M
 33 long_query_time = 1
 34 #log_long_format
 35 #log-error = /data/3306/error.log
 36 #log-slow-queries = /data/3306/slow.log
 37 pid-file = /data/3306/mysql.pid
 38 log-bin = /data/3306/mysql-bin
 39 relay-log = /data/3306/relay-bin
 40 relay-log-info-file = /data/3306/relay-log.info
 41 binlog_cache_size = 1M
 42 max_binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_binlog_size = 2M
 44 expire_logs_days = 7
 45 key_buffer_size = 16M
 46 read_buffer_size = 1M
 47 read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M
 48 bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M
 49 #myisam_sort_buffer_size = 1M
 50 #myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
 51 #myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G
 52 #myisam_repair_threads = 1
 53 #myisam_recover
 54 
 55 lower_case_table_names = 1
 56 skip-name-resolve
 57 slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062
 58 replicate-ignore-db=mysql
 59 
 60 server-id = 1
 61 
 62 innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 4M
 63 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
 64 innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M:autoextend
 65 innodb_file_io_threads = 4
 66 innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
 67 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
 68 innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M
 69 innodb_log_file_size = 4M
 70 innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
 71 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
 72 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
 73 innodb_file_per_table = 0
 74 [mysqldump]
 75 quick
 76 max_allowed_packet = 2M
 77 
 78 [mysqld_safe]
 79 log-error=/data/3306/mysql_oldboy3306.err
 80 pid-file=/data/3306/mysqld.pid     

mysql文件示例

10 #init
 11 port=3306
 12 mysql_user="root"
 13 mysql_pwd="oldboy"
 14 CmdPath="/application/mysql/bin"
 15 mysql_sock="/data/${port}/mysql.sock"
 16 #startup function
 17 function_start_mysql()
 18 {
 19     if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
 20       printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
 21       /bin/sh ${CmdPath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
 22     else
 23       printf "MySQL is running...\n"
 24       exit
 25     fi
 26 }
 27 
 28 #stop function
 29 function_stop_mysql()
 30 {
 31     if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
 32        printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"
 33        exit
 34     else
 35        printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
 36        ${CmdPath}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdown
 37    fi
 38 }
 39 
 40 #restart function
 41 function_restart_mysql()
 42 {
 43     printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
 44     function_stop_mysql
 45     sleep 2
 46     function_start_mysql
 47 }
 48 
 49 case $1 in
 50 start)
 51     function_start_mysql
 52 ;;
 53 stop)
 54     function_stop_mysql
 55 ;;
 56 restart)
 57     function_restart_mysql
 58 ;;
 59 *)
 60     printf "Usage: /data/${port}/mysql {start|stop|restart}\n"
 61 esac               

2、授權及增加執行權限

chown -R mysql.mysql /data
find /data/ -type f -name "mysql"|xargs chmod +x

3、初始化數據庫（兩個實例分別初始化）

cd /application/mysql/scripts/
./mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3306/data --user=mysql
./mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data --user=mysql

4、啟動多實例

/data/3306/mysql start
Starting MySQL...
/data/3307/mysql start 
Starting MySQL...

5、多實例數據庫的登陸

本地登陸：
mysql -S /data/3306/mysql.sock
遠程登錄：
mysql –h主機名 -u用戶名 –p密碼 –P3306
mysql> system mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock

6、 為用戶增加密碼，修改密碼

mysqladmin -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -uroot password ‘123.asd‘
mysqladmin -S /data/3307/mysql.sock –uroot –p123.asd password ‘123456‘

7、在線添加一個實例3308

mkdir /data/3308/data -p
/application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql/ --datadir=/data/3308/data/ --user=mysql
cp /data/3307/my.cnf /data/3308/
cp /data/3307/mysql /data/3308/
sed -i ‘s#3307#3308#g‘ /data/3308/my.cnf
sed -i ‘s#3307#3308#g‘ /data/3308/mysql
chmod +x /data/3308/mysql
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/3308/
/data/3308/mysql start

cmake安裝mysql及多實例配置方法