MySQL主從復制技術與讀寫分離技術amoeba應用
MySQL主從復制技術與讀寫分離技術amoeba應用
前言:眼下在搭建一個人才站點,估計流量會非常大,須要用到分布式數據庫技術,MySQL的主從復制+讀寫分離技術。讀寫分離技術有官方的MySQL-proxy,阿裏巴巴的Amoeba。Amoeba能在阿裏巴巴這麽大流量的平臺投入使用並且執行穩定,Amoeba的性能是非常優越的。相信眼前事實,所以選擇了Amoeba。
一、名詞解析
1. 主從復制。
將主server上的數據拷貝到從server上,保護數據免受意外的損失。
2.Amoeba
Amoeba(變形蟲)項目,專註分布式數據庫 proxy 開發。座落與Client、DB Server(s)之間。
對client透明。具有負載均衡、高可用性、sql過濾、讀寫分離、可路由相關的query到目標數據庫、可並發請求多臺數據庫合並結果。
二、環境資料
如果amoeba的前提條件:
1. 實驗環境:
System: CentOS release 6.5
JDK: jdk-6u35-linux-x64.bin
Mysql版本號: 5.5.38
Amoeba版本號: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC-distribution
2. 架構圖:
主服務器,用於寫數據庫, Master server: 192.168.1.106
從服務器,用於讀數據庫。Slave server: 192.168.1.100
讀寫分離的代理服務器, Amoeba server: 192.168.1.105
三、架設MySQL的主從復制server
1. 主服務器Master server數據庫配置:
我的mysql 安裝在/usr/local/mysql
#vi /etc/my.cnf
設置 server-id = 1 ,此值不能和從數據庫的一樣
在my.cnf末尾加入例如以下語句,表示哪些庫不同步:
binlog-ignore-db=mysql #每一個不同步的庫寫一行
#service mysqld restart
接著分配一個數據庫賬號給Slave Server 和 Amoeba Server:
#mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to ‘idc719comslave’@’192.168.1.100’ identified by ‘123456’
mysql> grant all on *.* to ‘proxyuser’@’192.168.1.105’ identified by ‘123456’
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> show master status;
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000028 | 107 | | mysql |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
記錄File的mysql-bin.000028 與 Position的107 ,等會要用到。
2. 從服務器Slave server數據庫配置:
#vi /etc/my.cnf
replicate-do-db=test
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
replicate-ignore-db=persondb
#service mysqld restart
#mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql> grant all on *.* to ‘proxyuser’@’192.168.1.105’ identified by ‘123456’;
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
-> Master_Host=192.168.1.106,
-> Master_User=idc719comslave,
-> Master_Password=123456,
-> Master_Port=3306,
-> Master_Log_File=mysql-bin.000028,
-> Master_Log_File=107;
mysql> start slave;
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.1.106
Master_User: idc719comslave
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000028
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107
Relay_Log_File: slaveserver1-relay-bin.000016
Relay_Log_Pos: 253
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000028
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB: test
Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 107
Relay_Log_Space: 416
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
看到Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event 表示成功了!
假設不成功, 比方
Last_IO_Errno: 2003
、Last_IO_Error: error connecting to master [email protected]:3306‘ - retry-time: 60 retries: 86400
是主server開了防火墻,或者用戶password錯誤!
三、架設 Amoeba server
1. 安裝JDK
Amoeba是java編寫的,執行須要JDK環境,能夠通過#echo $JAVA_HOME看是否安裝配置了JDK,假設沒有。參考例如以下方法:
下載軟件包
uname -r 檢查系統內核信息
mkdir -p /tmp/src && cd /tmp/src
x86_64 請下載
wget http://docs.minunix.com/web/jdk-6u35-linux-x64.bin
i386系列 請下載
wget http://docs.minunix.com/web/jdk-6u35-linux-i586.bin
註:作者系統為X86_64 ,所以以x86_64 演示,步驟都一樣的!
安裝必備組件信息:
yum -y install glibc*
下載完畢之後,改動文件屬性,賦予可運行權限,然後運行程序予以安裝:
chmod +x jdk-6u35-linux-x64.bin
./jdk-6u35-linux-x64.bin
註:此處可能會出現下面問題:
/lib/ld-linux.so.2: bad ELF interpreter: No such file or directory
此問題是由於您沒有安裝glibc-* ,僅僅須要安裝glibc 就可以解決,
yum -y install glibc*
安裝完畢之後,運行下列命令:
#cp -rf jdk1.6.0_35 /usr/local/jdk
#vim /etc/profile.d/java.sh \\\輸入下列內容
JAVA_HOME="/usr/local/jdk"
CLASS_PATH="$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib"
PATH=".:$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin"
export JAVA_HOME
###保存退出,並運行以下的命令使配置生效
#source /etc/profile.d/java.sh
#java -version \\\檢查java版本號
2.安裝Amoeba
下載頁面:http://sourceforge.net/projects/amoeba/?
source=directory
下載後。解壓 #unzip amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC-distribution.zip -d /usr/local/
#cd /usr/local
#mv amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC-distribution amoeba
#cd amoeba
#ls
benchmark bin conf jvm.properties lib logs
#cd conf
#vim amoeba.xml
查找例如以下字段並改動紅色的部分,各自是port、amoeba主機的ip。用戶password,和讀寫server的別名,其余字段默認就能夠
<property name="port">8066</property> <property name="ipAddress">192.168.1.105</property> <property name="user">root</property> <property name="password">123456</property> <property name="writePool">server1</property> <property name="readPool">server2</property> |
#vim dbServers.xml
紅色部分為改動的地方
<? xml version="1.0" encoding="gbk"?>
<!DOCTYPE amoeba:dbServers SYSTEM "dbserver.dtd"> <amoeba:dbServers xmlns:amoeba="http://amoeba.meidusa.com/">
<!-- Each dbServer needs to be configured into a Pool, If you need to configure multiple dbServer with load balancing that can be simplified by the following configuration: add attribute with name virtual = "true" in dbServer, but the configuration does not allow the element with name factoryConfig such as ‘multiPool‘ dbServer -->
<dbServer name="abstractServer" abstractive="true"> <factoryConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlServerConnectionFactory"> <property name="connectionManager">${defaultManager}</property> <property name="sendBufferSize">64</property> <property name="receiveBufferSize">128</property>
<!-- mysql port --> <property name="port">3306</property>
<!-- mysql schema --> <property name="schema">test</property>
<!-- mysql user --> <property name="user">proxyuser</property>
<property name="password">123456</property> </factoryConfig>
<poolConfig class="com.meidusa.toolkit.common.poolable.PoolableObjectPool"> <property name="maxActive">500</property> <property name="maxIdle">500</property> <property name="minIdle">10</property> <property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis">600000</property> <property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis">600000</property> <property name="testOnBorrow">true</property> <property name="testOnReturn">true</property> <property name="testWhileIdle">true</property> </poolConfig> </dbServer> <dbServer name="server1" parent="abstractServer"> <factoryConfig> <!-- mysql ip --> <property name="ipAddress">192.168.1.106</property> </factoryConfig> </dbServer>
<dbServer name="server2" parent="abstractServer"> <factoryConfig> <!-- mysql ip --> <property name="ipAddress">192.168.1.100</property> </factoryConfig> </dbServer>
<dbServer name="multiPool" virtual="true"> <poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.server.MultipleServerPool"> <!-- Load balancing strategy: 1=ROUNDROBIN , 2=WEIGHTBASED , 3=HA--> <property name="loadbalance">1</property>
<!-- Separated by commas,such as: server1,server2,server1 --> <property name="poolNames">server1</property> </poolConfig> </dbServer>
</amoeba:dbServers>
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文字出自:http://blog.csdn.net/ljuncong
MySQL主從復制技術與讀寫分離技術amoeba應用