Linux下安裝MongoDB的實現步驟

Mongo DB 是目前在IT行業非常流行的一種非關係型資料庫(NoSql),其靈活的資料儲存方式備受當前IT從業人員的青睞。Mongo DB很好的實現了面向物件的思想(OO思想),在Mongo DB中 每一條記錄都是一個Document物件。Mongo DB最大的優勢在於所有的資料持久操作都無需開發人員手動編寫SQL語句,直接呼叫方法就可以輕鬆的實現CRUD操作。本文介紹瞭如何快速安裝mongodb供大家參考。

一、安裝配置mongodb

Step 1: 設定系統環境及確保預設埠27107可用

###當前環境
# cat /etc/issue
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.5 (Santiago)

# vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled

Step 2: 下載安裝檔案

下載地址： https://www.mongodb.org/downloads. 
或者直接在命令提示符下使用curl命令下載
curl -O https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.0.6.tgz

Step 3: 解壓下載的檔案

# pwd
/usr/local/src
# tar -xvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.0.6.gz ###注，本文直接從網站下載，所以檔案為.gz

Step 4: 複製解壓檔案到執行目錄

# mkdir -p /var/lib/mongodb
# cp -R -n /usr/local/src/mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.0.6/. /var/lib/mongodb/

Step 5: 設定環境變數

e.g. export PATH=<mongodb-install-directory>/bin:$PATH
# vi ~/.bash_profile 
 export PATH=/var/lib/mongodb/bin:$PATH
# source ~/.bash_profile

Step 6: 建立資料目錄

# mkdir -p /data/mongodata

二、啟動及驗證mongodb

###啟動mongo
# mongod --dbpath /data/mongodata

###以下內容為啟動後輸出的相關資訊
2015-10-28T10:03:33.100+0800 I JOURNAL [initandlisten] journal dir=/data/mongodata/journal
2015-10-28T10:03:33.101+0800 I JOURNAL [initandlisten] recover : no journal files present,no recovery needed
2015-10-28T10:03:33.264+0800 I JOURNAL [initandlisten] preallocateIsFaster=true 2.18
2015-10-28T10:03:33.398+0800 I JOURNAL [durability] Durability thread started
2015-10-28T10:03:33.398+0800 I JOURNAL [journal writer] Journal writer thread started
2015-10-28T10:03:33.401+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] MongoDB starting : pid=10191 port=27017 dbpath=/data/mongodata 64-bit host=java_2
2015-10-28T10:03:33.401+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: You are running this process as the root user,which is not recommended.
2015-10-28T10:03:33.401+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'.
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] **    We suggest setting it to 'never'
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'.
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] **    We suggest setting it to 'never'
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] db version v3.0.6
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] git version: 1ef45a23a4c5e3480ac919b28afcba3c615488f2
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] build info: Linux ip-10-67-194-123 2.6.32-220.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Nov 9 08:03:13 EST 2011 x86_64 BOOST_LIB_VERSION=1_49
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] allocator: tcmalloc
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] options: { storage: { dbPath: "/data/mongodata" } }
2015-10-28T10:03:33.404+0800 I INDEX  [initandlisten] allocating new ns file /data/mongodata/local.ns,filling with zeroes...
2015-10-28T10:03:33.491+0800 I STORAGE [FileAllocator] allocating new datafile /data/mongodata/local.0,filling with zeroes...
2015-10-28T10:03:33.491+0800 I STORAGE [FileAllocator] creating directory /data/mongodata/_tmp
2015-10-28T10:03:33.497+0800 I STORAGE [FileAllocator] done allocating datafile /data/mongodata/local.0,size: 64MB,took 0.001 secs
2015-10-28T10:03:33.511+0800 I NETWORK [initandlisten] waiting for connections on port 27017

###停止mongo，直接使用ctrl + c
^C2015-10-28T10:09:21.510+0800 I CONTROL [signalProcessingThread] got signal 2 (Interrupt),will terminate after current cmd ends
2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I CONTROL [signalProcessingThread] now exiting
2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: going to close listening sockets...
2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK [signalProcessingThread] closing listening socket: 5
2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK [signalProcessingThread] closing listening socket: 6
2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK [signalProcessingThread] removing socket file: /tmp/mongodb-27017.sock
2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: going to flush diaglog...
2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: going to close sockets...
2015-10-28T10:09:21.512+0800 I STORAGE [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: waiting for fs preallocator...
2015-10-28T10:09:21.512+0800 I STORAGE [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: final commit...
2015-10-28T10:09:21.512+0800 I JOURNAL [signalProcessingThread] journalCleanup...
2015-10-28T10:09:21.512+0800 I JOURNAL [signalProcessingThread] removeJournalFiles
2015-10-28T10:09:21.515+0800 I JOURNAL [signalProcessingThread] Terminating durability thread ...
2015-10-28T10:09:21.615+0800 I JOURNAL [journal writer] Journal writer thread stopped
2015-10-28T10:09:21.615+0800 I JOURNAL [durability] Durability thread stopped
2015-10-28T10:09:21.615+0800 I STORAGE [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: closing all files...
2015-10-28T10:09:21.618+0800 I STORAGE [signalProcessingThread] closeAllFiles() finished
2015-10-28T10:09:21.618+0800 I STORAGE [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: removing fs lock...
2015-10-28T10:09:21.618+0800 I CONTROL [signalProcessingThread] dbexit: rc: 0

###修復啟動過程中的兩個警告，關於使用root使用者啟動mongo的警告先忽略
# echo "never" > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
# echo "never" > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag

###再次重啟，後置於後臺程序，
# mongod --dbpath /data/mongodata &

###檢視啟動後的程序
# ps -ef|grep mongo |grep -v grep
root   11115 27956 0 10:11 pts/2  00:00:00 mongod --dbpath /data/mongodata
# lsof -i:27017
COMMAND  PID USER  FD  TYPE  DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
mongod 11115 root  5u IPv4 50567119   0t0 TCP *:27017 (LISTEN)

###使用mongo連線到mongod
# mongo
MongoDB shell version: 3.0.6
connecting to: test
2015-10-28T10:14:30.685+0800 I NETWORK [initandlisten] connection accepted from 127.0.0.1:53907 #1 (1 connection now open)
Server has startup warnings: 
2015-10-28T10:11:49.217+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: You are running this process as the root user,which is not recommended.
2015-10-28T10:11:49.217+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 
> help
    db.help()          help on db methods
    db.mycoll.help()       help on collection methods
    sh.help()          sharding helpers
    rs.help()          replica set helpers
    help admin          administrative help
    help connect         connecting to a db help
    help keys          key shortcuts
    help misc          misc things to know
    help mr           mapreduce


    show dbs           show database names
    show collections       show collections in current database
    show users          show users in current database
    show profile         show most recent system.profile entries with time >= 1ms
    show logs          show the accessible logger names
    show log [name]       prints out the last segment of log in memory,'global' is default
    use <db_name>        set current database
    db.foo.find()        list objects in collection foo
    db.foo.find( { a : 1 } )   list objects in foo where a == 1
    it              result of the last line evaluated; use to further iterate
    DBQuery.shellBatchSize = x  set default number of items to display on shell
    exit             quit the mongo shell
> db.getCollection("version");
test.version
> exit
bye

三、mongodb相關工具

###在安裝檔案下有README，描述了常用的mongodb相關命令列工具
# more /usr/local/mongodb/README 
MongoDB README
Welcome to MongoDB!
COMPONENTS

 bin/mongod - The database process.
 bin/mongos - Sharding controller.
 bin/mongo - The database shell (uses interactive javascript).

UTILITIES

 bin/mongodump     - MongoDB dump tool - for backups,snapshots,etc..
 bin/mongorestore   - MongoDB restore a dump
 bin/mongoexport    - Export a single collection to test (JSON,CSV)
 bin/mongoimport    - Import from JSON or CSV
 bin/mongofiles    - Utility for putting and getting files from MongoDB GridFS
 bin/mongostat     - Show performance statistics

RUNNING

 For command line options invoke:

  $ ./mongod --help

 To run a single server database:

  $ mkdir /data/db
  $ ./mongod
  $
  $ # The mongo javascript shell connects to localhost and test database by default:
  $ ./mongo 
  > help

DRIVERS

 Client drivers for most programming languages are available at mongodb.org. Use the 
 shell ("mongo") for administrative tasks.

###獲取單個命令用法
# <command> --help
# mongod --help|more
Options:

General options:
 -h [ --help ]        show this usage information
 --version          show version information

# mongod --version
db version v3.0.6
git version: 1ef45a23a4c5e3480ac919b28afcba3c615488f2 

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