一、下載

MySQL下載官網：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql

根據目標主機的型號官網下載對應的mysql安裝包，安裝型別和名字如下：

mysql-server_5.7.31-1debian9_amd64.deb-bundle.tar

二、解壓

tar -xvf mysql-server_5.7.31-1debian9_amd64.deb-bundle.tar

三、安裝

根據需要安裝必要的deb包，可以用dpkg --info 指定的包.deb檢視依賴

1、先安裝依賴

apt install libaio1 libnuma1 libmecab2 -y

2、然後依次按以下的順序安裝

（1）dpkg -i mysql-common_5.7.31-1debian9_amd64.deb
（2）dpkg -i mysql-community-client_5.7.31-1debian9_amd64.deb
（3）dpkg -i mysql-client_5.7.31-1debian9_amd64.deb
（4）dpkg -i mysql-community-server_5.7.31-1debian9_amd64.deb（注意：這一步，需要設定MySQL的root密碼，步驟是第3步）
（5）dpkg -i mysql-server_5.7.31-1debian9_amd64.deb

3、設定密碼

4、確認密碼

四、配置

如果需要遠端訪問MySQL，修改配置，預設只能本地訪問。

cd /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/

vim mysqld.cnf

[mysqld]
pid-file        = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket          = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
datadir         = /var/lib/mysql
log-error       = /var/log/mysql/error.log
# By default we only accept connections from localhost
bind
 
-address    = 127.0.0.1 # 修改為0.0.0.0即可
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

# 字元編碼設定為utf8
character_set_server = utf8
init_connect = 'SET NAMES utf8'

1、重啟

systemctl restart mysql

2、檢視狀態

systemctl status mysql

3、檢視設定的字符集

mysql -u root -p

show variables like "%character%";show variables like "%collation%";

本文參考自：https://www.cnblogs.com/yoyotl/p/8057055.html