Spring Cloud Alibaba 環境搭建
可以手動從一個 Maven 專案進行搭建,後期也可以利用 Idea 工具直接從阿里雲官網進行快捷搭建,網址為Aliyun Java Initializr,類似於 SpringBoot 的初始化嚮導 Spring Initializr。我們逐層進行演示
一、分散式環境搭建
1. 建立父級 Spring Boot 專案
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <!--parent中使用的版本管理器一般是自己公司內部的版本管理器,對於第三方的版本管理器一般放在dependencyManagement中--> <groupId>com.pushihao</groupId> <artifactId>test</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>test</name> <description>test</description> <properties> <java.version>11</java.version> <spring.boot.version>2.6.7</spring.boot.version> </properties> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <!--spring-boot版本管理器--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>${spring.boot.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
2. 新建兩個模組
新建子模組時最好新建 Maven 專案,因為可以設定父專案。如果新建 Spring Boot Initializr 則預設父專案是 spring-boot-starter-parent
這裡以訂單模組(order)和倉庫模組(stock)為例
假設倉庫模組為生產者,訂單模組為呼叫者。當呼叫訂單模組時,訂單模組呼叫倉庫模組,使庫存減一
專案結構如下:
具體檔案:
pom.xml (兩個模組的 pom.xml 幾乎相同)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>SpringCloud</artifactId> <groupId>com.pushihao</groupId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <!--此處為stock或order(模組名)--> <artifactId>stock</artifactId> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
StockApplication.java
package com.pushihao; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; @SpringBootApplication public class StockApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(StockApplication.class, args); } }
StockController.java
package com.pushihao.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/stock")
public class StockController {
@GetMapping("reduct")
public String reduct() {
System.out.println("庫存減一");
return "success!";
}
}
OrderApplication.java
package com.pushihao;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);
}
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder builder) {
return builder.build();
}
}
OrderController.java
package com.pushihao.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/order")
public class OrderController {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@GetMapping("add")
public String add() {
System.out.println("訂單加一");
//result為返回結果
String result = restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:9001/stock/reduct", String.class);
return "success!";
}
}
至此,一個簡單的分散式環境就搭建好了,使用瀏覽器呼叫 http://localhost:9002/order/add 就可以看到結果
二、Spring Cloud Alibaba 環境搭建
可以直接在原有的分散式環境上直接引用 Spring Cloud Alibaba 即可
專案結構如下:
1. 匯入 Spring Cloud Alibaba 和 Spring Cloud 的座標
注意:版本號一定要選對(按照要求)參考 版本說明
穩定版本依賴關係
Spring Cloud Alibaba Version | Spring Cloud Version | Spring Boot Version |
---|---|---|
2021.0.1.0 | Spring Cloud 2021.0.1 | 2.6.3 |
2.2.7.RELEASE | Spring Cloud Hoxton.SR12 | 2.3.12.RELEASE |
2021.1 | Spring Cloud 2020.0.1 | 2.4.2 |
2.2.6.RELEASE | Spring Cloud Hoxton.SR9 | 2.3.2.RELEASE |
2.1.4.RELEASE | Spring Cloud Greenwich.SR6 | 2.1.13.RELEASE |
2.2.1.RELEASE | Spring Cloud Hoxton.SR3 | 2.2.5.RELEASE |
2.2.0.RELEASE | Spring Cloud Hoxton.RELEASE | 2.2.X.RELEASE |
2.1.2.RELEASE | Spring Cloud Greenwich | 2.1.X.RELEASE |
2.0.4.RELEASE(停止維護,建議升級) | Spring Cloud Finchley | 2.0.X.RELEASE |
1.5.1.RELEASE(停止維護,建議升級) | Spring Cloud Edgware | 1.5.X.RELEASE |
元件版本關係(一般由Spring Cloud Alibaba 版本管理器直接控制,我們不用關心)
Spring Cloud Alibaba Version | Sentinel Version | Nacos Version | RocketMQ Version | Dubbo Version | Seata Version |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2021.0.1.0* | 1.8.3 | 1.4.2 | 4.9.2 | 2.7.15 | 1.4.2 |
2.2.7.RELEASE | 1.8.1 | 2.0.3 | 4.6.1 | 2.7.13 | 1.3.0 |
2.2.6.RELEASE | 1.8.1 | 1.4.2 | 4.4.0 | 2.7.8 | 1.3.0 |
2021.1 or 2.2.5.RELEASE or 2.1.4.RELEASE or 2.0.4.RELEASE | 1.8.0 | 1.4.1 | 4.4.0 | 2.7.8 | 1.3.0 |
2.2.3.RELEASE or 2.1.3.RELEASE or 2.0.3.RELEASE | 1.8.0 | 1.3.3 | 4.4.0 | 2.7.8 | 1.3.0 |
2.2.1.RELEASE or 2.1.2.RELEASE or 2.0.2.RELEASE | 1.7.1 | 1.2.1 | 4.4.0 | 2.7.6 | 1.2.0 |
2.2.0.RELEASE | 1.7.1 | 1.1.4 | 4.4.0 | 2.7.4.1 | 1.0.0 |
2.1.1.RELEASE or 2.0.1.RELEASE or 1.5.1.RELEASE | 1.7.0 | 1.1.4 | 4.4.0 | 2.7.3 | 0.9.0 |
2.1.0.RELEASE or 2.0.0.RELEASE or 1.5.0.RELEASE | 1.6.3 | 1.1.1 | 4.4.0 | 2.7.3 | 0.7.1 |
這裡使用最新穩定版即可
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<!--parent中使用的版本管理器一般是自己公司內部的版本管理器,對於第三方的版本管理器一般放在dependencyManagement中-->
<groupId>com.pushihao</groupId>
<artifactId>test</artifactId>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<modules>
<module>order</module>
<module>stock</module>
<module>order-nacos</module>
<module>stock-nacos</module>
</modules>
<name>test</name>
<description>test</description>
<properties>
<java.version>11</java.version>
<spring.boot.version>2.3.12.RELEASE</spring.boot.version>
<spring.cloud.version>Hoxton.SR12</spring.cloud.version>
<spring.cloud.alibaba.version>2.2.7.RELEASE</spring.cloud.alibaba.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!--spring-boot版本管理器-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>${spring.boot.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!--spring-cloud版本管理器-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring.cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!--spring-cloud-alibaba版本管理器-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring.cloud.alibaba.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2.1 新建 stock-nacos 模組
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>SpringCloud</artifactId>
<groupId>com.pushihao</groupId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>stock-nacos</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--註冊與發現-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>11</source>
<target>11</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
application.yml
server:
port: 9001
spring:
application:
name: stock-service
cloud:
nacos:
server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
discovery:
username: nacos
password: nacos
cluster-name: public
StockNacosApplication.java
package com.pushihao;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class StockNacosApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(StockNacosApplication.class, args);
}
}
StockController.java
package com.pushihao.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/stock")
public class StockController {
@GetMapping("reduct")
public String reduct() {
System.out.println("庫存減一");
return "success!";
}
}
2.2 新建 order-nacos 模組
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>test</artifactId>
<groupId>com.pushihao</groupId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>order-nacos</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>11</source>
<target>11</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
application.yml
server:
port: 9001
spring:
application:
name: order-service
cloud:
nacos:
server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
discovery:
username: nacos
password: nacos
namespace: public
# ephemeral: false #是否是臨時例項 預設是true(臨時例項) 永久例項:哪怕宕機了也不會刪除例項
OrderNacosApplication.java
package com.pushihao;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderNacosApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderNacosApplication.class, args);
}
//加上@LoadBalanced就配上了預設的負載均衡器Ribbon
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder restTemplateBuilder) {
return restTemplateBuilder.build();
}
}
OrderController.java
package com.pushihao.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/order")
public class OrderController {
@Autowired
RestTemplate restTemplate;
@GetMapping("add")
public String add() {
System.out.println("下單成功");
//這裡就可以把域名替換成對應的服務名,呼叫時就會啟用預設的負載均衡機制
String msg = restTemplate.getForObject("http://stock-service/stock/reduct", String.class);
return "success!";
}
}
至此 Spring Cloud Alibaba 環境就搭建完畢了
依次啟動 nacos 伺服器、stock-nacos、order-nacos
瀏覽器輸入 http://localhost:8848/nacos 在服務管理一欄即可檢視註冊的微服務
瀏覽器輸入 http://localhost:9001/order/add 即可檢視執行結果
成功!
三、使用 Aliyun Java Initializr 快速構建
可以直接在網頁上 Aliyun Java Initializr 進行配置,然後下載初始程式碼並匯入編輯器工具中
不過更多情況下,都是使用 Idea 工具進行快速構建,如下:
以上!