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啟動Spring專案詳細過程(小結)

1、Spring 專案放到web專案容器中(Tomcat、Jetty、JBoss)

本文以通用的Tomcat為例

2、專案容器啟動時需要載入讀取web.xml配置檔案

如下圖:

3、容器首先會去讀取web.xml配置檔案中的兩個節點:<listener> </listener>和<context-param> </context-param>

說明:

tomcat在啟動web容器的時候會啟動一個叫ServletContextListener的監聽器,每當在web容器中有ServletContextListener這個介面被例項化的時候,web容器會通知ServletContextListener被例項的物件去執行其contextInitialized()的方法進行相應的業務處理;

而spring框架在設計的過程中ContextLoadListener這個類實現了ServletContextListener這個介面,因此每當有ContextLoadListener這個類被例項化的時候,web容器會通知Spring執行contextInitialized()這個方法,從而進行spring容器的啟動與建立的過程中;

4、ContextLoaderListener中的contextInitialized()進行了spring容器的啟動配置,呼叫initWebApplicationContext初始化spring容器;

@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
  initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
}
public WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
  //Spring 啟動的控制代碼,spring容器開始啟動的根目錄
  if(servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE) != null) {
    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot initialize context because there is already a root application context present - check whether you have multiple ContextLoader* definitions in your web.xml!");
  } else {
    Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ContextLoader.class);
    servletContext.log("Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext");
    if(logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
      logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started");
    }
 
    long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
 
    try {
      //處理spring容器是否已經建立(只建立沒有建立spring的各個bean)
      if(this.context == null) {
        this.context = this.createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
      }
 
      if(this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
        ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext)this.context;
        if(!cwac.isActive()) {
          if(cwac.getParent() == null) {
            ApplicationContext parent = this.loadParentContext(servletContext);
            cwac.setParent(parent);
          }
 
          //Spring容器建立完成後,載入spring容器的各個元件
          this.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac,servletContext);
        }
      }
 
      servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE,this.context);
      ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
      if(ccl == ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader()) {
        currentContext = this.context;
      } else if(ccl != null) {
        currentContextPerThread.put(ccl,this.context);
      }
 
      if(logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
        logger.debug("Published root WebApplicationContext as ServletContext attribute with name [" + WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE + "]");
      }
 
      if(logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
        long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
        logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in " + elapsedTime + " ms");
      }
 
      return this.context;
    } catch (RuntimeException var8) {
      logger.error("Context initialization failed",var8);
      servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE,var8);
      throw var8;
    } catch (Error var9) {
      logger.error("Context initialization failed",var9);
      servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE,var9);
      throw var9;
    }
  }
}

5、spring容器建立完成後,準備開始例項化載入bean,Spring容器建立完成後,準備向spring容器中載入bean 使用configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac,servletContext); 完成bean的載入;

protected void configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac,ServletContext sc) {
		if (ObjectUtils.identityToString(wac).equals(wac.getId())) {
			// The application context id is still set to its original default value
			// -> assign a more useful id based on available information
			String idParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_ID_PARAM);
			if (idParam != null) {
				wac.setId(idParam);
			}
			else {
				// Generate default id...
				wac.setId(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX +
						ObjectUtils.getDisplayString(sc.getContextPath()));
			}
		}
 
		wac.setServletContext(sc);
		String configLocationParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM);
		if (configLocationParam != null) {
			wac.setConfigLocation(configLocationParam);
		}
 
		// The wac environment's #initPropertySources will be called in any case when the context
		// is refreshed; do it eagerly here to ensure servlet property sources are in place for
		// use in any post-processing or initialization that occurs below prior to #refresh
		ConfigurableEnvironment env = wac.getEnvironment();
		if (env instanceof ConfigurableWebEnvironment) {
			((ConfigurableWebEnvironment) env).initPropertySources(sc,null);
		}
 
		customizeContext(sc,wac);
		wac.refresh();
	}

說明:

configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext中載入spring的配置檔案,即web.xml中讀取<context-param></context-param>中載入到Spring的配置檔案,即:classpath:/config/applicationContext.xml;

通過以下程式碼載入spring配置

public class Application{
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/context.xml");
  ctx.start();
 }
}

此處略過如何呼叫DefaultResourceLoader

頂級介面ResourceLoader僅提供了一個getResource(String location)方法,可以根據一個資源地址載入資原始檔,資源地址的表示式可以是以下幾種:

--1. classpath:字首開頭的表示式,例如: classpath:smart-context.xml

--2.“/”開頭的表示式,例如:/WEB-INF/classes/smart-context.xml

--3. 非“/”開頭的表達,例如:WEB-INF/classes/smart-context.xml

--4. url協議,例如:file:/D:/ALANWANG-AIA/Horse-workspace/chapter3/target/classes/smart-context.xml

Spring提供了實現類DefaultResourceLoader,DefaultResourceLoader在實現了以上列舉的功能基礎上,還為開發者提供了自定義擴充套件介面ProtocolResolver,開發者可實現該介面定製個性化資源表示式,程式碼如下:

@Override
	public Resource getResource(String location) {
		Assert.notNull(location,"Location must not be null");
		for (ProtocolResolver protocolResolver : this.protocolResolvers) {    // 1
			Resource resource = protocolResolver.resolve(location,this);
			if (resource != null) {return resource;}
		}
 
		if (location.startsWith("/")) {return getResourceByPath(location);}    //2
		else if (location.startsWith(CLASSPATH_URL_PREFIX)) {           //3
			return new ClassPathResource(location.substring(CLASSPATH_URL_PREFIX.length()),getClassLoader());
		}
		else {
			try {
				// Try to parse the location as a URL...
				URL url = new URL(location);               //4
				return new UrlResource(url);
			}
			catch (MalformedURLException ex) {
				// No URL -> resolve as resource path.
				return getResourceByPath(location);           //5
			}
		}
	}

步驟1,先用擴充套件協議解析器解析資源地址並返回。舉個例子,咱們可以自定義資源解析器來完成帶字首“classpath:”的解析:

首先實現ProtocolResolver介面:

class ClasspathPreProtocolResolver implements ProtocolResolver{
    private static String CLASS_PATH_PRE="classpath:";  
  public Resource resolve(String location,ResourceLoader resourceLoader) {
    if( location.startsWith(CLASS_PATH_PRE)) {
    return new ClassPathResource(location.substring(CLASS_PATH_PRE.length()));
    }  
    return null;
  }  
 }

步驟2,假設location以斜槓開頭,則呼叫該類中 getResourceByPath(String path)方法 ,程式碼如下:

protected Resource getResourceByPath(String path) {
		return new ClassPathContextResource(path,getClassLoader());
	}

步驟三,假如資源表示式以classpath開頭,則擷取除字首calsspath:的路徑,並做為ClassPathResource的構造引數,生成ClassPathResource例項後返回。咱們可以在web.xml中做如下配置:

<context-param>
  <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
 <param-value>classpath:/config/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>

6、通過refresh()內部的實現我們大致可以瞭解整個refresh()方法擔負了整個Spring容器初始化和載入的所有邏輯,包括Bean工廠的初始化、post-processor的註冊以及呼叫、bean的例項化、事件釋出等。

以上就是本文的全部內容,希望對大家的學習有所幫助,也希望大家多多支援我們。