MySQL-5.6安裝部署及多例項主從
阿新 • • 發佈：2021-09-22
一、需求
1.配置多例項資料庫
2.做多例項的主從同步
3.做多臺伺服器的主從同步
二、MySQL-5.6二進位制安裝(自定義目錄安裝)
[root@db03 ~]# mkdir /service [root@db03 ~]# cd /service #解除安裝mariadb [root@db03 /service]# yum remove -y mariadb-libs #建立mysql使用者 [root@db03 /service]# useradd mysql #安裝依賴 [root@db03 /service]# yum install -y ncurses-devel libaio-devel cmake glibc autoconf gcc-c++ #下載 [root@db03 /service]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.6.42-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz [root@db03 ~]# mv mysql-5.6.42-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /service/mysql-5.6.42 [root@db03 ~]# ln -s /service/mysql-5.6.42 /service/mysql #拷貝啟動檔案和配置檔案 [root@db03 ~]# cd /service/mysql/support-files/ [root@db03 /service/mysql/support-files]# cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf cp: overwrite '/etc/my.cnf'? y [root@db03 /service/mysql/support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld #初始化 [root@db03 ~]# cd /service/mysql/scripts/ [root@db03 /service/mysql/scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/service/mysql --datadir=/service/mysql/data #配置systemd管理 [root@db03 ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service [Unit] Description=MySQL Server Documentation=man:mysqld(8) Documentation=https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html After=network.target After=syslog.target [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [Service] User=mysql Group=mysql ExecStart=/service/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf LimitNOFILE = 5000 [root@db03 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload #啟動資料庫 #1.使用system啟動 [root@db03 ~]# systemctl start mysqld #檢視程序啟動失敗，沒有任何報錯 #2.使用mysqld啟動指令碼啟動 [root@db03 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start /etc/init.d/mysqld: line 244: my_print_defaults: command not found /etc/init.d/mysqld: line 264: cd: /usr/local/mysql: No such file or directory Starting MySQL ERROR! Couldn't find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe)' #原因：二進位制的包是原始碼包已經生成編譯安裝完成的，在cmake階段已經指定了所有的目錄都是/usr/local/mysql，所以啟動時所有程式都去找/usr/local/mysql目錄，沒有該目錄，所以啟動失敗 #3.解決啟動問題 1）方法一：做軟連線 [root@db03 ~]# ln -s /service/mysql /usr/local/mysql 2）方法二：修改啟動檔案 [root@db03 ~]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld basedir=/service/mysql datadir=/service/mysql/data #4.再次測試啟動 [root@db03 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! #或者 [root@db03 ~]# systemctl start mysqld #設定環境變數 [root@db03 ~]# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh export PATH=/service/mysql/bin:$PATH [root@db02 ~]# source /etc/profile
三、配置多例項
[root@db01 ~]# cd /usr/local/ [root@db01 /usr/local]# mkdir {3307,3308,3309} #配置多例項配置檔案 [root@db01 /usr/local]# vim 3307/my.cnf [mysqld] basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/usr/local/3307/data port=3307 socket=/usr/local/3307/data/mysql.sock server_id=7 log-error=/usr/local/3307/data/mysql.err [root@db01 /usr/local]# cat 3308/my.cnf [mysqld] basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/usr/local/3308/data port=3308 socket=/usr/local/3308/data/mysql.sock server_id=8 log-error=/usr/local/3308/data/mysql.err [root@db01 /usr/local]# cat 3309/my.cnf [mysqld] basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/usr/local/3309/data port=3309 socket=/usr/local/3309/data/mysql.sock server_id=9 log-error=/usr/local/3309/data/mysql.err #初始化多例項 [root@db01 /usr/local]# cd mysql/scripts/ [root@db01 /usr/local/mysql/scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/usr/local/3307/my.cnf --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/3307/data [root@db01 /usr/local/mysql/scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/usr/local/3308/my.cnf --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/3308/data [root@db01 /usr/local/mysql/scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/usr/local/3309/my.cnf --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/3309/data #檢視是否生成檔案 [root@db01 /usr/local]# tree -L 2 330* 3307 ├── data │ ├── auto.cnf │ ├── db01.pid │ ├── ibdata1 │ ├── ib_logfile0 │ ├── ib_logfile1 │ ├── mysql │ ├── mysql.err │ ├── performance_schema │ └── test └── my.cnf 3308 ├── data │ ├── auto.cnf │ ├── db01.pid │ ├── ibdata1 │ ├── ib_logfile0 │ ├── ib_logfile1 │ ├── mysql │ ├── mysql.err │ ├── performance_schema │ └── test └── my.cnf 3309 ├── data │ ├── auto.cnf │ ├── db01.pid │ ├── ibdata1 │ ├── ib_logfile0 │ ├── ib_logfile1 │ ├── mysql │ ├── mysql.err │ ├── performance_schema │ └── test └── my.cnf [root@db01 /usr/local]# chown -R mysql.mysql 330* #啟動多例項 [root@db01 ~]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/3307/my.cnf & [root@db01 ~]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/3308/my.cnf & [root@db01 ~]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/3309/my.cnf & #停止多例項 [root@db01 ~]# mysqladmin -S /usr/local/3307/data/mysql.sock shutdown #驗證啟動 [root@db01 /usr/local]# netstat -lntp | grep 330 tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 7542/mysqld tcp6 0 0 :::3307 :::* LISTEN 8429/mysqld tcp6 0 0 :::3308 :::* LISTEN 7876/mysqld tcp6 0 0 :::3309 :::* LISTEN 8040/mysqld #登入驗證多例項 [root@db01 ~]# mysql -uroot -S /usr/local/3307/data/mysql.sock -e 'show variables like "server_id"' +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | server_id | 7 | +---------------+-------+ [root@db01 ~]# mysql -uroot -S /usr/local/3308/data/mysql.sock -e 'show variables like "server_id"' +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | server_id | 8 | +---------------+-------+ [root@db01 ~]# mysql -uroot -S /usr/local/3309/data/mysql.sock -e 'show variables like "server_id"' +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | server_id | 9 | +---------------+-------+ #多例項設定密碼 [root@db01 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password -S /usr/local/3307/data/mysql.sock New password: 123 Confirm new password: 123 [root@db01 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password -S /usr/local/3308/data/mysql.sock New password: 123 Confirm new password: 123 [root@db01 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password -S /usr/local/3309/data/mysql.sock New password: 123 Confirm new password: 123 #配置簡單連線資料庫多例項 [root@db01 ~]# cat /usr/bin/mysql3307 mysql -uroot -p123 -S /usr/local/3307/data/mysql.sock [root@db01 ~]# cat /usr/bin/mysql3308 mysql -uroot -p123 -S /usr/local/3308/data/mysql.sock [root@db01 ~]# cat /usr/bin/mysql3309 mysql -uroot -p123 -S /usr/local/3309/data/mysql.sock [root@db01 ~]# chmod +x /usr/bin/mysql* #直接使用命令連線 [root@db01 ~]# mysql3307 [root@db01 ~]# mysql3308 [root@db01 ~]# mysql3309
四、資料庫多例項主從
1.配置主庫
#配置主庫的binlog [root@db01 /usr/local]# cat 3307/my.cnf ..... ....... log_bin=/usr/local/3307/data/mysql-bin [root@db01 /usr/local]# mysqladmin -uroot -p123 -S /usr/local/3307/data/mysql.sock shutdown [root@db01 /usr/local]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/3307/my.cnf & #主庫授權主從的使用者 [root@db01 /usr/local]# mysql3307 mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to zzc@'localhost' identified by '123'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec) #主庫檢視binlog資訊 mysql> show master status; +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-sbin.000001 | 736 | | | | +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2.配置從庫同步主庫
[root@db01 /usr/local]# mysql3308
mysql> change master to
-> master_host='127.0.0.1',
-> master_port=3307,
-> master_user='zzc',
-> master_password='123',
-> master_log_file='mysql-sbin.000001',
-> master_log_pos=736;
#啟動主從同步
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#檢視主從狀態
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 127.0.0.1
Master_User: zzc
Master_Port: 3307
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-sbin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 736
Relay_Log_File: db01-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 284
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-sbin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
[root@db01 ~]# mysql3309
mysql> change master to
-> master_host='127.0.0.1',
-> master_port=3307,
-> master_user='zzc',
-> master_password='123',
-> master_log_file='mysql-sbin.000001',
-> master_log_pos=1120;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 127.0.0.1
Master_User: zzc
Master_Port: 3307
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-sbin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1120
Relay_Log_File: db01-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 284
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-sbin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes