HCNA Routing&Switching之vrp檔案系統
阿新 • • 發佈：2021-07-17
什麼是檔案系統？
從字面上理解檔案系統就是管理和儲存檔案資訊的軟體；通常一個完整的檔案系統能夠提供管理，排程檔案的儲存空間，檔案的邏輯結構，物理結構和儲存方法；實現檔案從標識到實際實體地址的對映，從而實現檔案的操作，存取，共享以及檔案安全；對於計算機軟體來說，檔案的主要作用是用來儲存資料的，對於不同的資料結構其儲存為檔案的格式和屬性各不相同，這樣一來對於我們要想管理不同資料結構和屬性的檔案就變得有點困難；從另一方面講我們也可以理解檔案系統就是用來幫助我們來管理不同屬性的檔案的軟體；對於vrp系統來講，它也有自己的檔案系統，其作用就是用來管理儲存vrp系統配置檔案以及系統啟動所需要的系統檔案等；
常用管理vrp檔案系統的命令
示例：檢視當前路徑下的檔案
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<Huawei>dir
Directory of flash:/
Idx Attr Size(Byte) Date Time(LMT) FileName
0 drw- - Jun 27 2021 14:52:35 dhcp
1 -rw- 121,802 May 26 2014 09:20:58 portalpage.zip
2 -rw- 2,263 Jun 27 2021 14:52:31 statemach.efs
3 -rw- 828,482 May 26 2014 09:20:58 sslvpn.zip1,090,732 KB total (784,464 KBfree)
<Huawei>
|
提示：dir後面不跟任何路徑，預設就是檢視flash:/下的檔案列表；其中檔案屬性用4個字元表示，第一位的“-”表示檔案，如果是d則表示對應檔案是一個目錄；後面三為分別是檔案的許可權，分別是讀許可權（r），寫許可權(w)以及執行許可權(x)，如果對應位數“-”則表示沒有該檔案沒有對應的許可權；這個和Linux系統中的檔案屬性表示差不多；
示例：切換目錄
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 |
<Huawei>pwd
flash:
<Huawei>dir
Directory of flash:/
Idx Attr Size(Byte) Date Time(LMT) FileName
0 drw- - Jun 27 2021 14:52:35 dhcp
1 -rw- 121,802 May 26 2014 09:20:58 portalpage.zip
2 -rw- 2,263 Jun 27 2021 14:52:31 statemach.efs
3 -rw- 828,482 May 26 2014 09:20:58 sslvpn.zip
1,090,732 KB total (784,464 KBfree)
<Huawei>cddhcp
<Huawei>pwd
flash:/dhcp
<Huawei>
|
示例：建立目錄
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<Huawei>cd/
<Huawei>dir
Directory of flash:/
Idx Attr Size(Byte) Date Time(LMT) FileName
0 drw- - Jun 27 2021 14:52:35 dhcp
1 -rw- 121,802 May 26 2014 09:20:58 portalpage.zip
2 -rw- 2,263 Jun 27 2021 14:52:31 statemach.efs
3 -rw- 828,482 May 26 2014 09:20:58 sslvpn.zip
1,090,732 KB total (784,464 KBfree)
<Huawei>mkdirtest
Info: Create directory flash:/test......Done
<Huawei>dir
Directory of flash:/
Idx Attr Size(Byte) Date Time(LMT) FileName
0 drw- - Jun 27 2021 15:03:17test
1 drw- - Jun 27 2021 14:52:35 dhcp
2 -rw- 121,802 May 26 2014 09:20:58 portalpage.zip
3 -rw- 2,263 Jun 27 2021 14:52:31 statemach.efs
4 -rw- 828,482 May 26 2014 09:20:58 sslvpn.zip
1,090,732 KB total (784,460 KBfree)
<Huawei>
|
示例：刪除空目錄
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<Huawei>dir
Directory of flash:/
Idx Attr Size(Byte) Date Time(LMT) FileName
0 drw- - Jun 27 2021 15:03:17test
1 drw- - Jun 27 2021 14:52:35 dhcp
2 -rw- 121,802 May 26 2014 09:20:58 portalpage.zip
3 -rw- 2,263 Jun 27 2021 14:52:31 statemach.efs
4 -rw- 828,482 May 26 2014 09:20:58 sslvpn.zip
1,090,732 KB total (784,460 KBfree)
<Huawei>rmdirtest
Remove directory flash:/test? (y/n)[n]:y
%Removing directory flash:/test...Done!
<Huawei>dir
Directory of flash:/
Idx Attr Size(Byte) Date Time(LMT) FileName
0 drw- - Jun 27 2021 14:52:35 dhcp
1 -rw- 121,802 May 26 2014 09:20:58 portalpage.zip
2 -rw- 2,263 Jun 27 2021 14:52:31 statemach.efs
3 -rw- 828,482 May 26 2014 09:20:58 sslvpn.zip
1,090,732 KB total (784,464 KBfree)
<Huawei>
|
提示：這個命令只能刪除空目錄，非空目錄是刪除不了的；所謂非空目錄表示只要對應目錄下有檔案或目錄；即我們用dir命令能夠看到對應目錄有檔案（包含目錄檔案）；
示例：拷貝檔案
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<Huawei>mkdirxxx
Info: Create directory flash:/xxx......Done
<Huawei>dir
Directory of flash:/
Idx Attr Size(Byte) Date Time(LMT) FileName
0 drw- - Jun 27 2021 14:52:35 dhcp
1 -rw- 121,802 May 26 2014 09:20:58 portalpage.zip
2 drw- - Jun 27 2021 15:15:13 xxx
3 -rw- 2,263 Jun 27 2021 14:52:31 statemach.efs
4 -rw- 828,482 May 26 2014 09:20:58 sslvpn.zip
1,090,732 KB total (784,460 KBfree)
<Huawei>copy statemach.efs xxx/
Copy flash:/statemach.efs to flash:/xxx/statemach.efs? (y/n)[n]:y
100% complete
Info: Copiedfileflash:/statemach.efs to flash:/xxx/statemach.efs...Done
<Huawei>copy statemach.efs xxx/aaa.txt
Copy flash:/statemach.efs to flash:/xxx/aaa.txt? (y/n)[n]:y
100% complete
Info: Copiedfileflash:/statemach.efs to flash:/xxx/aaa.txt...Done
<Huawei>
|
提示：copy檔案的命令格式是先跟原始檔，後跟目標；如果對應目標是一個目錄，則拷貝過來的檔名稱不變，如果目標指定了檔名稱，則拷貝過來會更改其名稱為指定的名稱；
示例：移動檔案
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<Huawei>dir
Directory of flash:/
Idx Attr Size(Byte) Date Time(LMT) FileName
0 drw- - Jun 27 2021 14:52:35 dhcp
1 -rw- 121,802 May 26 2014 09:20:58 portalpage.zip
2 drw- - Jun 27 2021 15:16:07 xxx
3 -rw- 2,263 Jun 27 2021 14:52:31 statemach.efs
4 -rw- 828,482 May 26 2014 09:20:58 sslvpn.zip
1,090,732 KB total (784,452 KBfree)
<Huawei>dirxxx/
Directory of flash:/xxx/
Idx Attr Size(Byte) Date Time(LMT) FileName
0 -rw- 2,263 Jun 27 2021 15:16:07 aaa.txt
1 -rw- 2,263 Jun 27 2021 15:15:58 statemach.efs
1,090,732 KB total (784,452 KBfree)
<Huawei>move xxx/aaa.txt ./
Move flash:/xxx/aaa.txt to flash:/aaa.txt? (y/n)[n]:y
%Movedfileflash:/xxx/aaa.txt to flash:/aaa.txt.
<Huawei>dir
Directory of flash:/
Idx Attr Size(Byte) Date Time(LMT) FileName
0 drw- - Jun 27 2021 14:52:35 dhcp
1 -rw- 2,263 Jun 27 2021 15:16:07 aaa.txt
2 -rw- 121,802 May 26 2014 09:20:58 portalpage.zip
3 drw- - Jun 27 2021 15:18:58 xxx
4 -rw- 2,263 Jun 27 2021 14:52:31 statemach.efs
5 -rw- 828,482 May 26 2014 09:20:58 sslvpn.zip
1,090,732 KB total (784,452 KBfree)
<Huawei>dirxxx/
Directory of flash:/xxx/
Idx Attr Size(Byte) Date Time(LMT) FileName
0 -rw- 2,263 Jun 27 2021 15:15:58 statemach.efs
1,090,732 KB total (784,452 KBfree)
<Huawei>
|
示例：重新命名檔名稱
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 |
<Huawei>dir
Directory of flash:/
Idx Attr Size(Byte) Date Time(LMT) FileName
0 drw- - Jun 27 2021 14:52:35 dhcp
1 -rw- 2,263 Jun 27 2021 15:16:07 aaa.txt
2 -rw- 121,802 May 26 2014 09:20:58 portalpage.zip
3 drw- - Jun 27 2021 15:18:58 xxx
4 -rw- 2,263 Jun 27 2021 14:52:31 statemach.efs
5 -rw- 828,482 May 26 2014 09:20:58 sslvpn.zip
1,090,732 KB total (784,452 KBfree)
<Huawei>rename aaa.txt 123.com
Rename flash:/aaa.txt to flash:/123.com? (y/n)[n]:y
Info: Renamefileflash:/aaa.txt to flash:/123.com ......Done
<Huawei>dir
Directory of flash:/
Idx Attr Size(Byte) Date Time(LMT) FileName
0 -rw- 2,263 Jun 27 2021 15:16:07 123.com
1 drw- - Jun 27 2021 14:52:35 dhcp
2 -rw- 121,802 May 26 2014 09:20:58 portalpage.zip
3 drw- - Jun 27 2021 15:18:58 xxx
4 -rw- 2,263 Jun 27 2021 14:52:31 statemach.efs
5 -rw- 828,482 May 26 2014 09:20:58 sslvpn.zip
1,090,732 KB total (784,452 KBfree)
<Huawei>
|
示例：刪除檔案
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 |
<Huawei>dir
Directory of flash:/
Idx Attr Size(Byte) Date Time(LMT) FileName
0 -rw- 2,263 Jun 27 2021 15:16:07 123.com
1 drw- - Jun 27 2021 14:52:35 dhcp
2 -rw- 121,802 May 26 2014 09:20:58 portalpage.zip
3 drw- - Jun 27 2021 15:18:58 xxx
4 -rw- 2,263 Jun 27 2021 14:52:31 statemach.efs
5 -rw- 828,482 May 26 2014 09:20:58 sslvpn.zip
1,090,732 KB total (784,452 KBfree)
<Huawei>delete 123.com
Delete flash:/123.com? (y/n)[n]:y
Info: Deletingfileflash:/123.com...succeed.
<Huawei>dir
Directory of flash:/
Idx Attr Size(Byte) Date Time(LMT) FileName
0 drw- - Jun 27 2021 14:52:35 dhcp
1 -rw- 121,802 May 26 2014 09:20:58 portalpage.zip
2 drw- - Jun 27 2021 15:18:58 xxx
3 -rw- 2,263 Jun 27 2021 14:52:31 statemach.efs
4 -rw- 828,482 May 26 2014 09:20:58 sslvpn.zip
1,090,732 KB total (784,448 KBfree)
<Huawei>
|
提示：這個刪除不是真正的把檔案刪除，它這個刪除相當於把對應目錄移動至回收站；
示例：恢復檔案
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 |
<Huawei>dir
Directory of flash:/
Idx Attr Size(Byte) Date Time(LMT) FileName
0 drw- - Jun 27 2021 14:52:35 dhcp
1 -rw- 121,802 May 26 2014 09:20:58 portalpage.zip
2 drw- - Jun 27 2021 15:18:58 xxx
3 -rw- 2,263 Jun 27 2021 14:52:31 statemach.efs
4 -rw- 828,482 May 26 2014 09:20:58 sslvpn.zip
1,090,732 KB total (784,448 KBfree)
<Huawei>undelete 123.com
Undelete flash:/123.com? (y/n)[n]:y
%Undeletedfileflash:/123.com.
<Huawei>dir
Directory of flash:/
Idx Attr Size(Byte) Date Time(LMT) FileName
0 -rw- 2,263 Jun 27 2021 15:16:07 123.com
1 drw- - Jun 27 2021 14:52:35 dhcp
2 -rw- 121,802 May 26 2014 09:20:58 portalpage.zip
3 drw- - Jun 27 2021 15:18:58 xxx
4 -rw- 2,263 Jun 27 2021 14:52:31 statemach.efs
5 -rw- 828,482 May 26 2014 09:20:58 sslvpn.zip
1,090,732 KB total (784,448 KBfree)
<Huawei>
|
示例：永久刪除檔案
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 |
<Huawei>dir
Directory of flash:/
Idx Attr Size(Byte) Date Time(LMT) FileName
0 -rw- 2,263 Jun 27 2021 15:16:07 123.com
1 drw- - Jun 27 2021 14:52:35 dhcp
2 -rw- 121,802 May 26 2014 09:20:58 portalpage.zip
3 drw- - Jun 27 2021 15:29:05 xxx
4 -rw- 2,263 Jun 27 2021 14:52:31 statemach.efs
5 -rw- 828,482 May 26 2014 09:20:58 sslvpn.zip
1,090,732 KB total (784,448 KBfree)
<Huawei>delete/unreserved123.com
Warning: The contents offileflash:/123.com cannot be recycled. Continue? (y/n)[n]:y
Info: Deletingfileflash:/123.com...
Deletingfilepermanently from flash will take a longtimeifneeded...succeed.
<Huawei>dir
Directory of flash:/
Idx Attr Size(Byte) Date Time(LMT) FileName
0 drw- - Jun 27 2021 14:52:35 dhcp
1 -rw- 121,802 May 26 2014 09:20:58 portalpage.zip
2 drw- - Jun 27 2021 15:29:05 xxx
3 -rw- 2,263 Jun 27 2021 14:52:31 statemach.efs
4 -rw- 828,482 May 26 2014 09:20:58 sslvpn.zip
1,090,732 KB total (784,452 KBfree)
<Huawei>undelete 123.com
Error: File can't be found
<Huawei>
|
提示：可以看到加上unreserved以後，恢復檔案就提示找不到檔案；說明對應檔案沒有被移動至回收站，而是直接刪除；
配置檔案管理
提示：預設情況我們在交換機或路由器上寫的配置都是儲存在記憶體中的，一旦裝置掉電重啟我們寫的配置就會丟失；配置檔案的最要作用就是儲存我們的配置資訊，但裝置重啟後保證我們的配置資訊不會丟失；其工作原理如上圖，當前配置都是儲存在記憶體中，一旦我們執行儲存命令以後，當前配置資訊就或儲存進saved配置檔案中，並將其作為下次裝置啟動時代配置檔案；
配置檔案查詢
示例：檢視當前配置檔案資訊
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<Huawei>display current-configuration
[V200R003C00]
#
snmp-agentlocal-engineid 800007DB03000000000000
snmp-agent
#
clock timezone China-Standard-Time minus 08:00:00
#
portallocal-server load portalpage.zip
#
drop illegal-mac alarm
#
setcpu-usage threshold 80 restore 75
#
aaa
authentication-scheme default
authorization-scheme default
accounting-scheme default
domain default
domain default_admin
local-user admin password cipher %$%$K8m.Nt84DZ}e#<0`8bmE3Uw}%$%$
local-user admin service-typehttp
#
firewall zone Local
priority 15
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
#
interface NULL0
#
user-interface con 0
authentication-mode password
user-interface vty 0 4
user-interface vty 16 20
#
wlan ac
#
return
<Huawei>
|
提示：以上配置是vrp系統預設的配置資訊，該資訊會隨vrp系統的啟動而被載入到記憶體中，當作vrp系統的配置啟動；
示例：檢視儲存的配置資訊
| 1 2 3 |
<Huawei>dis saved-configuration
There is no correct configurationfileinFLASH
<Huawei>
|
提示：預設沒有儲存配置資訊，檢視就會提示沒有對應的檔案存在；
儲存配置檔案
示例：儲存當前配置至saved-configuration中
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<Huawei>sys
Enter system view,returnuser view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]systest
[test]int lo 1
[test-LoopBack1]ip add 1.1.1.1 32
[test-LoopBack1]q
[test]save
^
Error: Unrecognizedcommandfound at'^'position.
[test]q
<test>save
The current configuration will be written to the device.
Are you sure tocontinue? (y/n)[n]:y
It will take several minutes to save configurationfile, please wait.......
Configurationfilehad been saved successfully
Note: The configurationfilewill take effect after being activated
<test>dis saved-configuration
[V200R003C00]
#
sysnametest
#
snmp-agentlocal-engineid 800007DB03000000000000
snmp-agent
#
clock timezone China-Standard-Time minus 08:00:00
#
portallocal-server load portalpage.zip
#
drop illegal-mac alarm
#
setcpu-usage threshold 80 restore 75
#
aaa
authentication-scheme default
authorization-scheme default
accounting-scheme default
domain default
domain default_admin
local-user admin password cipher %$%$K8m.Nt84DZ}e#<0`8bmE3Uw}%$%$
local-user admin service-typehttp
#
firewall zone Local
priority 15
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
#
interface NULL0
#
interface LoopBack1
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
#
user-interface con 0
authentication-mode password
user-interface vty 0 4
user-interface vty 16 20
#
wlan ac
#
return
<test>dir
Directory of flash:/
Idx Attr Size(Byte) Date Time(LMT) FileName
0 drw- - Jun 27 2021 14:52:35 dhcp
1 -rw- 121,802 May 26 2014 09:20:58 portalpage.zip
2 drw- - Jun 27 2021 15:42:03 xxx
3 -rw- 2,263 Jun 27 2021 15:40:10 statemach.efs
4 -rw- 828,482 May 26 2014 09:20:58 sslvpn.zip
5 -rw- 267 Jun 27 2021 15:52:01 private-data.txt
6 -rw- 559 Jun 27 2021 15:52:01 vrpcfg.zip
1,090,732 KB total (784,448 KBfree)
<test>
|
提示：save命令必須退出到使用者檢視才可執行，系統檢視不可執行save命令；從上面的演示可以看出，當我們執行了save 命令以後，saved-configuration中就有就配置資訊了；並且生成了vrpcfg.zip檔案；
檢視系統啟動檔案資訊
示例：檢視當前系統啟動的配置引數
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<test>dis startup
MainBoard:
Startup system software: null
Next startup system software: null
Backup system softwarefornext startup: null
Startup saved-configurationfile: flash:/vrpcfg.zip
Next startup saved-configurationfile: flash:/vrpcfg.zip
Startup licensefile: null
Next startup licensefile: null
Startup patch package: null
Next startup patch package: null
Startup voice-files: null
Next startup voice-files: null
<test>
|
提示：Startup system software是當前系統檔案存放地；Next startup system software是下次啟動系統檔案存放地；next startup system software主要用於升級vrp系統；預設真機上可以看到對應啟動的系統軟體；Startup saved-configuration file是當前系統啟動的配置檔案；Next Startup saved-configuration file是下次系統啟動的配置檔案；
修改系統啟動配置檔案
示例：修改系統下次啟動配置檔案為123.cfg
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<test>dir
Directory of flash:/
Idx Attr Size(Byte) Date Time(LMT) FileName
0 drw- - Jun 27 2021 14:52:35 dhcp
1 -rw- 121,802 May 26 2014 09:20:58 portalpage.zip
2 drw- - Jun 27 2021 15:42:03 xxx
3 -rw- 2,263 Jun 27 2021 15:40:10 statemach.efs
4 -rw- 828,482 May 26 2014 09:20:58 sslvpn.zip
5 -rw- 267 Jun 27 2021 15:52:01 private-data.txt
6 -rw- 559 Jun 27 2021 15:52:01 vrpcfg.zip
1,090,732 KB total (784,444 KBfree)
<test>copy vrpcfg.zip 123.cfg
Copy flash:/vrpcfg.zip to flash:/123.cfg? (y/n)[n]:y
100% complete
Info: Copiedfileflash:/vrpcfg.zip to flash:/123.cfg...Done
<test>dir
Directory of flash:/
Idx Attr Size(Byte) Date Time(LMT) FileName
0 drw- - Jun 27 2021 14:52:35 dhcp
1 -rw- 121,802 May 26 2014 09:20:58 portalpage.zip
2 drw- - Jun 27 2021 15:42:03 xxx
3 -rw- 2,263 Jun 27 2021 15:40:10 statemach.efs
4 -rw- 828,482 May 26 2014 09:20:58 sslvpn.zip
5 -rw- 559 Jun 27 2021 16:11:06 123.cfg
6 -rw- 267 Jun 27 2021 15:52:01 private-data.txt
7 -rw- 559 Jun 27 2021 15:52:01 vrpcfg.zip
1,090,732 KB total (784,436 KBfree)
<test>startup saved-configuration flash:/123.cfg
This operation will take several minutes, please wait....
Info: Succeededinsetting thefileforbooting system
<test>dis start
MainBoard:
Startup system software: null
Next startup system software: null
Backup system softwarefornext startup: null
Startup saved-configurationfile: flash:/vrpcfg.zip
Next startup saved-configurationfile: flash:/123.cfg
Startup licensefile: null
Next startup licensefile: null
Startup patch package: null
Next startup patch package: null
Startup voice-files: null
Next startup voice-files: null
<test>
|
提示：配置檔案必須以.cfg或.zip結尾；
比較當前配置和儲存的配置
示例：比較當前配置和下次啟動配置的不同
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<test>sys
Enter system view,returnuser view with Ctrl+Z.
[test]int lo2
[test-LoopBack2]undo ip add
[test-LoopBack2]q
[test]q
<test>compare configuration
The current configuration is not the same as the next startup configurationfile.
====== Current configuration line 39 ======
#
user-interface con 0
authentication-mode password
user-interface vty 0 4
user-interface vty 16 20
#
wlan ac
#
return
====== Configurationfileline 39 ======
ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
#
user-interface con 0
authentication-mode password
user-interface vty 0 4
user-interface vty 16 20
<test>
|
配置檔案重置
示例：清楚下次啟動載入的配置檔案
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<test>dis start
MainBoard:
Startup system software: null
Next startup system software: null
Backup system softwarefornext startup: null
Startup saved-configurationfile: flash:/vrpcfg.zip
Next startup saved-configurationfile: flash:/123.cfg
Startup licensefile: null
Next startup licensefile: null
Startup patch package: null
Next startup patch package: null
Startup voice-files: null
Next startup voice-files: null
<test>reset saved-configuration
This will delete the configurationinthe flash memory.
The device configurations will be erased to reconfigure.
Are you sure? (y/n)[n]:y
Clear the configurationinthe device successfully.
<test>dis start
MainBoard:
Startup system software: null
Next startup system software: null
Backup system softwarefornext startup: null
Startup saved-configurationfile: null
Next startup saved-configurationfile: null
Startup licensefile: null
Next startup licensefile: null
Startup patch package: null
Next startup patch package: null
Startup voice-files: null
Next startup voice-files: null
<test>
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儲存裝置修復
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<test>fixdisk flash:
Fixdisk flash: will take longtimeifneeded
%Fixdisk flash: completed.
<test>
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儲存裝置格式化
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<test>formatflash:
All data(include configuration and system startupfile) on flash: will be lost , proceed withformat? (y/n)[n]:y
%Format flash: completed.
<test>
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提示：格式化儲存會導致儲存裝置裡原有的資料丟失，格式化之前請務必先檢查裡面是否有重要檔案；我這裡是用模擬器做到實驗，真機上可以選擇對應的儲存裝置進行格式化；
作者：Linux-1874 出處：https://www.cnblogs.com/qiuhom-1874/ 本文版權歸作者和部落格園共有，歡迎轉載，但未經作者同意必須保留此段宣告，且在文章頁面明顯位置給出原文連線，否則保留追究法律責任的權利.