技術標籤：tensorflowpython

  使用keras的API進行搭建

from tensorflow.keras import layers

  VAE(變分自編碼器)由取樣層，編碼層，解碼層三個層組成。

from tensorflow.keras import layers


class Sampling(layers.Layer):
    """Uses (z_mean, z_log_var) to sample z, the vector encoding a digit."""

    def call
 
(self, inputs):
        z_mean, z_log_var = inputs
        batch = tf.shape(z_mean)[0]
        dim = tf.shape(z_mean)[1]
        epsilon = tf.keras.backend.random_normal(shape=(batch, dim))
        return z_mean + tf.exp(0.5 * z_log_var) * epsilon


class Encoder(layers.Layer):
    """Maps MNIST digits to a triplet (z_mean, z_log_var, z)."""
 


    def __init__(self, latent_dim=32, intermediate_dim=64, name="encoder", **kwargs):
        super(Encoder, self).__init__(name=name, **kwargs)
        self.dense_proj = layers.Dense(intermediate_dim, activation="relu")
        self.dense_mean = layers.Dense(latent_dim)
        self.
 
dense_log_var = layers.Dense(latent_dim)
        self.sampling = Sampling()

    def call(self, inputs):
        x = self.dense_proj(inputs)
        z_mean = self.dense_mean(x)
        z_log_var = self.dense_log_var(x)
        z = self.sampling((z_mean, z_log_var))
        return z_mean, z_log_var, z


class Decoder(layers.Layer):
    """Converts z, the encoded digit vector, back into a readable digit."""

    def __init__(self, original_dim, intermediate_dim=64, name="decoder", **kwargs):
        super(Decoder, self).__init__(name=name, **kwargs)
        self.dense_proj = layers.Dense(intermediate_dim, activation="relu")
        self.dense_output = layers.Dense(original_dim, activation="sigmoid")

    def call(self, inputs):
        x = self.dense_proj(inputs)
        return self.dense_output(x)

  VAE模型繼承Model類。(這裡，Model也是整個訓練過程的外部容器)它是作為子類化 Layer 的巢狀組合層進行構建的。它將具有正則化損失（KL 散度）。

class VariationalAutoEncoder(keras.Model):
    """Combines the encoder and decoder into an end-to-end model for training."""

    def __init__(
        self,
        original_dim,
        intermediate_dim=64,
        latent_dim=32,
        name="autoencoder",
        **kwargs
    ):
        super(VariationalAutoEncoder, self).__init__(name=name, **kwargs)
        self.original_dim = original_dim
        self.encoder = Encoder(latent_dim=latent_dim, intermediate_dim=intermediate_dim)
        self.decoder = Decoder(original_dim, intermediate_dim=intermediate_dim)

    def call(self, inputs):
        z_mean, z_log_var, z = self.encoder(inputs)
        reconstructed = self.decoder(z)
        # Add KL divergence regularization loss.
        kl_loss = -0.5 * tf.reduce_mean(
            z_log_var - tf.square(z_mean) - tf.exp(z_log_var) + 1
        )
        self.add_loss(kl_loss)
        return reconstructed

  在 MNIST 上編寫一個簡單的訓練迴圈：

original_dim = 784
vae = VariationalAutoEncoder(original_dim, 64, 32)

optimizer = tf.keras.optimizers.Adam(learning_rate=1e-3)
mse_loss_fn = tf.keras.losses.MeanSquaredError()

loss_metric = tf.keras.metrics.Mean()

(x_train, _), _ = tf.keras.datasets.mnist.load_data()
x_train = x_train.reshape(60000, 784).astype("float32") / 255

train_dataset = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices(x_train)
train_dataset = train_dataset.shuffle(buffer_size=1024).batch(64)

epochs = 2

# Iterate over epochs.
for epoch in range(epochs):
    print("Start of epoch %d" % (epoch,))

    # Iterate over the batches of the dataset.
    for step, x_batch_train in enumerate(train_dataset):
        with tf.GradientTape() as tape:
            reconstructed = vae(x_batch_train)
            # Compute reconstruction loss
            loss = mse_loss_fn(x_batch_train, reconstructed)
            loss += sum(vae.losses)  # Add KLD regularization loss

        grads = tape.gradient(loss, vae.trainable_weights)
        optimizer.apply_gradients(zip(grads, vae.trainable_weights))

        loss_metric(loss)

        if step % 100 == 0:
            print("step %d: mean loss = %.4f" % (step, loss_metric.result()))

Start of epoch 0
step 0: mean loss = 0.3385
step 100: mean loss = 0.1256
step 200: mean loss = 0.0991
step 300: mean loss = 0.0892
step 400: mean loss = 0.0842
step 500: mean loss = 0.0808
step 600: mean loss = 0.0787
step 700: mean loss = 0.0771
step 800: mean loss = 0.0759
step 900: mean loss = 0.0749
Start of epoch 1
step 0: mean loss = 0.0746
step 100: mean loss = 0.0740
step 200: mean loss = 0.0735
step 300: mean loss = 0.0730
step 400: mean loss = 0.0727
step 500: mean loss = 0.0723
step 600: mean loss = 0.0720
step 700: mean loss = 0.0717
step 800: mean loss = 0.0715
step 900: mean loss = 0.0712

  由於 VAE 是 Model 子類化的結果，它具有內建的訓練迴圈。因此，您也可以用以下方式訓練它：

vae = VariationalAutoEncoder(784, 64, 32)

optimizer = tf.keras.optimizers.Adam(learning_rate=1e-3)

vae.compile(optimizer, loss=tf.keras.losses.MeanSquaredError())
vae.fit(x_train, x_train, epochs=2, batch_size=64)

Epoch 1/2
938/938 [==============================] - 2s 2ms/step - loss: 0.0749
Epoch 2/2
938/938 [==============================] - 2s 2ms/step - loss: 0.0676

<tensorflow.python.keras.callbacks.History at 0x7fd6f0377e10>

引自tensorflow官方指南-【編寫自定義層和模型】