Java中使用mysqldump實現mysql資料庫備份並將sql檔案打成zip壓縮包
阿新 • • 發佈：2020-12-24
場景
在Java程式碼中呼叫mysqldump命令實現對指定的mysql資料庫和指定的表匯出為sql檔案。
並將sql檔案進行壓縮成zip儲存備份。
mysqldump 簡介
mysqldump 是 MySQL 自帶的邏輯備份工具。
它的備份原理是通過協議連線到 MySQL 資料庫，將需要備份的資料查詢出來，將查詢出的資料轉換成對應的insert 語句，當我們需要還原這些資料時，只要執行這些 insert 語句，即可將對應的資料還原。
要想使用我們需要找到mysql安裝目錄下的bin下的mysqldump.exe
因為沒有將其新增到環境變數中，所以需要找到其所在的全路徑。
注：
部落格： https://blog.csdn.net/badao_liumang_qizhi
關注公眾號
霸道的程式猿
獲取程式設計相關電子書、教程推送與免費下載。
實現
首先需要宣告一些執行mysqldump的變數
private static String hostIP = "127.0.0.1"; private static String userName = "root"; private static String password = "123456"; //sql檔案儲存的路徑 private static String savePath = "D:/bak"; //sql檔案儲存名 private static String fileName = "badaoBak"+new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss").format(new Date())+".sql"; //資料庫名 private static String databaseName = "test"; private static final int BUFFER = 8192; //zip壓縮包儲存路徑 private static String zipPath = "D:/bak/badao.zip";
然後新建方法用語執行sql的匯出
/** * 執行資料備份 * @return */ public static String dataBakExec() { String sqlFilePath = ""; File saveFile = new File(savePath); // 如果目錄不存在 if (!saveFile.exists()) { // 建立資料夾 saveFile.mkdirs(); } if(!savePath.endsWith(File.separator)){ savePath = savePath + File.separator; } PrintWriter printWriter = null; BufferedReader bufferedReader = null; try { printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(savePath + fileName), "utf8")); sqlFilePath= savePath + fileName; //匯出指定資料庫指定表的結構和資料 Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/bin/mysqldump -h" + hostIP + " -u" + userName + " -p" + password + " --set-charset=UTF8 " + databaseName +" book "); //匯出指定資料庫指定表的結構 //Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/bin/mysqldump -h" + hostIP + " -u" + userName + " -p" + password + " --set-charset=UTF8 " + databaseName + " book -d"); //匯出指定資料庫指定表符合條件的結構和資料 //Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/bin/mysqldump -h" + hostIP + " -u" + userName + " -p" + password + " --set-charset=UTF8 " + databaseName +" book "+" --where=\" price> 100" + "\" "); InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream(), "utf8"); bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader); String line; while((line = bufferedReader.readLine())!= null){ printWriter.println(line); } printWriter.flush(); //0 表示執行緒正常終止。 if(process.waitFor() == 0){ System.out.println("備份資料成功"); } }catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { if (bufferedReader != null) { bufferedReader.close(); } if (printWriter != null) { printWriter.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return sqlFilePath; }
注意把這裡的mysqldump的路徑改為自己的路徑。
執行的命令如果不加具體的資料庫則匯出所有的表，資料庫後面加表明則是匯出具體的表。
並且還可以選擇匯出表的結構和資料以及符合要求的表資料。
具體自行搜尋musqldump命令。
備份sql效果
sql備份成功後將其路徑返回，然後再新建一個生成zip壓縮包的方法
/** * 壓縮sql檔案為zip * @param filePath sql檔案路徑 * @param zipPath 要生成的zip壓縮包路徑 */ public static void zipFile(String filePath,String zipPath) { ZipOutputStream out = null; try { out = new ZipOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(zipPath)); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } //得到檔案列表資訊 File file = new File(filePath); // 壓縮zip包 try { if (!file.exists()) { return; } BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file)); try { ZipEntry entry = new ZipEntry(file.getName()); out.putNextEntry(entry); int count; byte data[] = new byte[BUFFER]; while ((count = bis.read(data, 0, BUFFER)) != -1) { out.write(data, 0, count); } } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); }finally { out.closeEntry(); bis.close(); } }catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); }finally { try { out.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } System.out.println("生成zip成功"); }
然後完整的main方法示例程式碼
package com.badao.mysqlbak; import java.io.*; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; import java.util.zip.ZipEntry; import java.util.zip.ZipOutputStream; public class MysqlBakMain { private static String hostIP = "127.0.0.1"; private static String userName = "root"; private static String password = "123456"; //sql檔案儲存的路徑 private static String savePath = "D:/bak"; //sql檔案儲存名 private static String fileName = "badaoBak"+new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss").format(new Date())+".sql"; //資料庫名 private static String databaseName = "test"; private static final int BUFFER = 8192; //zip壓縮包儲存路徑 private static String zipPath = "D:/bak/badao.zip"; public static void main(String[] args) { String sqlFilePath = dataBakExec(); System.out.println("備份的sql檔案儲存路徑為:"+sqlFilePath); zipFile(sqlFilePath,zipPath); } /** * 執行資料備份 * @return */ public static String dataBakExec() { String sqlFilePath = ""; File saveFile = new File(savePath); // 如果目錄不存在 if (!saveFile.exists()) { // 建立資料夾 saveFile.mkdirs(); } if(!savePath.endsWith(File.separator)){ savePath = savePath + File.separator; } PrintWriter printWriter = null; BufferedReader bufferedReader = null; try { printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(savePath + fileName), "utf8")); sqlFilePath= savePath + fileName; //匯出指定資料庫指定表的結構和資料 Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/bin/mysqldump -h" + hostIP + " -u" + userName + " -p" + password + " --set-charset=UTF8 " + databaseName +" book "); //匯出指定資料庫指定表的結構 //Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/bin/mysqldump -h" + hostIP + " -u" + userName + " -p" + password + " --set-charset=UTF8 " + databaseName + " book -d"); //匯出指定資料庫指定表符合條件的結構和資料 //Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/bin/mysqldump -h" + hostIP + " -u" + userName + " -p" + password + " --set-charset=UTF8 " + databaseName +" book "+" --where=\" price> 100" + "\" "); InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream(), "utf8"); bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader); String line; while((line = bufferedReader.readLine())!= null){ printWriter.println(line); } printWriter.flush(); //0 表示執行緒正常終止。 if(process.waitFor() == 0){ System.out.println("備份資料成功"); } }catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { if (bufferedReader != null) { bufferedReader.close(); } if (printWriter != null) { printWriter.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return sqlFilePath; } /** * 壓縮sql檔案為zip * @param filePath sql檔案路徑 * @param zipPath 要生成的zip壓縮包路徑 */ public static void zipFile(String filePath,String zipPath) { ZipOutputStream out = null; try { out = new ZipOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(zipPath)); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } //得到檔案列表資訊 File file = new File(filePath); // 壓縮zip包 try { if (!file.exists()) { return; } BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file)); try { ZipEntry entry = new ZipEntry(file.getName()); out.putNextEntry(entry); int count; byte data[] = new byte[BUFFER]; while ((count = bis.read(data, 0, BUFFER)) != -1) { out.write(data, 0, count); } } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); }finally { out.closeEntry(); bis.close(); } }catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); }finally { try { out.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } System.out.println("生成zip成功"); } }
執行效果