CentOS 7下的MariaDB Master-Slave Replication配置
Master-Slave Replication原理圖：
主從複製的原理：
分為同步複製和非同步複製，實際複製架構中大部分為非同步複製。 複製的基本過程如下：
1).Slave上面的IO程序連線上Master，並請求從指定日誌檔案的指定位置（或者從最開始的日誌）之後的日誌內容；
2).Master接收到來自Slave的IO程序的請求後，通過負責複製的IO程序根據請求資訊讀取制定日誌指定位置之後的日誌資訊，返回給Slave 的IO程序。返回資訊中除了日誌所包含的資訊之外，還包括本次返回的資訊已經到Master端的bin-log檔案的名稱以及bin-log的位置；
3).Slave的IO程序接收到資訊後，將接收到的日誌內容依次新增到Slave端的relay-log檔案的最末端，並將讀取到的Master端的 bin-log的檔名和位置記錄到master-info檔案中，以便在下一次讀取的時候能夠清楚的告訴Master“我需要從某個bin-log的哪個位置開始往後的日誌內容，請發給我”；
4).Slave的Sql程序檢測到relay-log中新增加了內容後，會馬上解析relay-log的內容成為在Master端真實執行時候的那些可執行的內容，並在自身執行。
為什麼是MariaDB Replication
As you may know,MariaDBis a drop in replacement for MySQL. It is a robust, scalable and reliable SQL server that comes rich set of enhancements.
MariaDB replicationis a method to store multiple copies of data on many systems, and the data will automatically be copied from one database (Master) to another database (Slave). If one server goes down, the clients still can access the data from another (Slave) server database.
In this article, let us see how to configure MariaDB Master-Slave replication in CentOS 7. This method will work on all linux distributions, including
環境：
MariaDB Master:CentOS 7 64bit Minimal Server
Master IP Address:192.168.15.134/24
MariaDB Slave:CentOS 7 64bit Minimal Server
Slave IP Address:192.168.15.138/24
不同Linux版本，MariaDB安裝略有不同（Installing LAMP Stack in Linux）
Master與Slave均操作
安裝MariaDB：
yum install mariadb-server mariadb
啟動MariaDB並開機啟動：
systemctl start mariadb
systemctl enable mariadb
設定MariaDB root密碼：
mysql_secure_installation
配置Master MariaDB:
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3306/tcp #放行3306埠
firewall-cmd --reload
vi /etc/my.cnf #新增如下至[mysqld]部分
[mysqld]
server-id=1
log-basename=master
log-bin
binlog-format=row
binlog-do-db=games
#binlog-ignore-db=test
[...]
#binlog-format binlog三種格式：row/statement/mixed
#binlog-do-db 要同步的資料庫，同步多個，重複設定即可
#games 為要複製到Slave的資料庫名稱
systemctl restart mariadb #重啟MariaDB
mysql -u root -p #登入Master MariaDB
建立Slave使用者並設定密碼，獲取相應的Binlog及Pos資訊供後續使用：
MariaDB [(none)]> STOP SLAVE;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'sk'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'centos';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW MASTER STATUS;
+--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mariadb-bin.000001 | 460 | games | |
+--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye
備份Master MariaDB，關閉鎖表，並上傳備份masterdatabase.sql到Slave
mysqldump --all-databases --user=root --password --master-data > masterdatabase.sql
mysql -u root -p #登入Master MariaDB
MariaDB [(none)]> UNLOCK TABLES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> quit
Bye
拷貝masterdatabase.sql至Slave的/home目錄。
scp masterdatabase.sql [email protected]:/home
配置Slave MariaDB:
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3306/tcp #放行3306埠
firewall-cmd --reload
vi /etc/my.cnf #新增如下至[mysqld]部分
[mysqld]
server-id = 2
replicate-do-db=games
#replicate-ignore-db=games
[...]
匯入Master資料：
mysql -u root -p < /home/masterdatabase.sql
systemctl restart mariadb #重啟MariaDB
mysql -u root -p #登入Slave MariaDB
MariaDB [(none)]> STOP SLAVE;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.15.134', MASTER_USER='sk', MASTER_PASSWORD='centos', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mariadb-bin.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=460;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> SLAVE START;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.15.134
Master_User: sk
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mariadb-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 460
Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 531
Relay_Master_Log_File: mariadb-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB: games
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 460
Relay_Log_Space: 827
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
注：
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
保證以上兩個引數為Yes,否則檢查master/slave配置步驟
測試MariaDB複製：
mysql -u root -p
MariaDB [(none)]> create database games;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> use games;
Database changed
MariaDB [games]> create table sample(c int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [games]> insert into sample (c) values (1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [games]> select * from sample;
+------+
| c |
+------+
| 1 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [games]>
Slave MariaDB端檢測
mysql -u root -p
Then, run the following commands to verify whether the entries have been replicated correctly.
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| games |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
MariaDB [(none)]> use games;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
MariaDB [games]> select * from sample;
+------+
| c |
+------+
| 1 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [games]>
類似article
Setup Master-Slave Replication in MySQL Server
轉載於:https://my.oschina.net/HeAlvin/blog/663471