【轉載】Linux C++ 實現檔案目錄常見操作（拷貝檔案，拷貝目錄，獲取檔案大小，獲取目錄大小，獲取目錄下所有檔名，...）
阿新 • • 發佈：2020-09-16
原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/sinicheveen/p/13680327.html
1. 環境
- Linux(Ubuntu)
- C++11
- gcc 7.5.0
- g++ 7.5.0
- 這些常用操作封裝為了一個 C++ 類FileOperation
- 對檔案的操作基本都是使用的 C 函式，沒有用 C++ 的fstream相關類
- 針對 Linux 系統寫的，涉及到 Linux 專有函式，因此對 Windows 系統可能不適用
2. 程式碼
FileOperation.h
#pragma once /* *Environment： *Linux(Ubuntu), C++11，gcc 7.5.0，g++ 7.5.0 *Description： *檔案和目錄操作（e.g. 拷貝檔案，拷貝目錄，計算目錄大小，...) */ #ifndef PARAMETER_FLOW #define PARAMETER_FLOW #define IN #define OUT #define INOUT #endif //PARAMETER_FLOW #ifndef BASE_TYPE_DEF #define BASE_TYPE_DEF #include <stdint.h> typedef int16_t SHORT; typedef uint16_t USHORT; typedef int32_t INT; typedef uint32_t UINT; typedef int64_t DLONG; typedef uint64_t DULONG; typedef void VOID; typedef bool BOOL; typedef signed char CHAR; typedef signed char BYTE; typedef unsigned char UCHAR; typedef float FLOAT; typedef double DOUBLE; #endif //BASE_TYPE_DEF #include <dirent.h> #include <string> #include <string.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <type_traits> #include <unistd.h> #include <utility> #include <vector> #include <sys/vfs.h> using std::make_pair; using std::pair; using std::string; using std::vector; /* Explain: - fileLongName：加了路徑的檔名，e.g. /root/xxx/1.txt - fileShortName：沒有加路徑的檔名，e.g. 1.txt - dirLongName：加了路徑的目錄名，e.g. /root/xxx/MyDocuments - dirShortName：沒有加路徑的目錄名，e.g. MyDocuments */ class FileOperation { public: /* *Function : getDirSize *Description : 獲取目錄大小 *Modify : 2020.09.16 *Input : IN const string& dirLongName，目錄名 * : OUT DLONG& dirSize，目錄大小，單位：位元組 *Return : pair<BOOL, string>，<函式是否執行成功，執行失敗時的錯誤資訊> *Caution : 目錄末尾不能有斜槓，e.g. 正確傳參：/root/xxx，錯誤傳參：/root/xxx/ */ static pair<BOOL, string> getDirSize(IN const string& dirLongName, OUT DLONG& dirSize); /* *Function : getDirSizeAndMaxFileSize *Description : 獲取目錄大小和其中最大檔案大小 *Modify : 2020.09.16 *Input : IN const string& dirLongName，目錄名 * : OUT DLONG& dirSize，目錄大小，單位：位元組 * : OUT DLONG& maxFileSize，目錄中最大檔案大小，單位：位元組 *Return : pair<BOOL, string>，<函式是否執行成功，執行失敗時的錯誤資訊> *Caution : 目錄末尾不能有斜槓，e.g. 正確傳參：/root/xxx，錯誤傳參：/root/xxx/ */ static pair<BOOL, string> getDirSizeAndMaxFileSize(IN const string& dirLongName, OUT DLONG& dirSize, OUT DLONG& maxFileSize); /* *Function : getFileSize *Description : 獲取檔案大小 *Modify : 2020.09.16 *Input : IN const string& fileLongName，檔名 * : OUT DLONG& fileSize，檔案大小 *Return : pair<BOOL, string>，<函式是否執行成功，執行失敗時的錯誤資訊> *Caution : */ static pair<BOOL, string> getFileSize(IN const string& fileLongName, OUT DLONG& fileSize); /* *Function : getDiskSpace *Description : 獲取磁碟總容量和剩餘容量 *Modify : 2020.09.16 *Input : IN const string& diskPath，磁碟路徑，e.g. /root * : OUT DLONG& totalSpace，磁碟總容量，單位：位元組 * : OUT DLONG& freeSpace，磁碟剩餘容量，單位：位元組 *Return : pair<BOOL, string>，<函式是否執行成功，執行失敗時的錯誤資訊> *Caution : */ static pair<BOOL, string> getDiskSpace(IN const string& diskPath, OUT DLONG& totalSpace, OUT DLONG& freeSpace); /* *Function : getAllFileShortNamesInDir *Description : 獲取目錄下所有檔案的短檔名 *Modify : 2020.09.16 *Input : IN const string& dirLongName，目錄名 * : OUT vector<string>& allFileShortNames，目錄下所有檔案的短檔名 *Return : pair<BOOL, string>，<函式是否執行成功，執行失敗時的錯誤資訊> *Caution : 目錄末尾不能有斜槓，e.g. 正確傳參：/root/xxx，錯誤傳參：/root/xxx/ * : */ static pair<BOOL, string> getAllFileShortNamesInDir(IN const string& dirLongName, OUT vector<string>& allFileShortNames); /* *Function : getAllFileLongNamesInDir *Description : 獲取目錄下所有檔案的長檔名 *Modify : 2020.09.16 *Input : IN const string& dirLongName，目錄名 * : OUT vector<string>& allFileLongNames，目錄下所有檔案的長檔名 *Return : pair<BOOL, string>，<函式是否執行成功，執行失敗時的錯誤資訊> *Caution : 目錄末尾不能有斜槓，e.g. 正確傳參：/root/xxx，錯誤傳參：/root/xxx/ * : */ static pair<BOOL, string> getAllFileLongNamesInDir(IN const string& dirLongName, OUT vector<string>& allFileLongNames); /* *Function : moveFileOrDir *Description : 移動檔案或資料夾 *Modify : 2020.09.16 *Input : IN const string& srcLongName，原始檔(資料夾)名 * : IN const string& destLongName，目標檔案(資料夾)名 *Return : pair<BOOL, string>，<函式是否執行成功，執行失敗時的錯誤資訊> *Caution : 如果 srcLongName 和 destLongName 指定相同的路徑，則進行重新命名操作 * : 如果 srcLongName 和 destLongName 指定不同的路徑，則檔案(資料夾)將移動到新位置 * : 如果 destLongName 為現有檔案，則覆蓋現有檔案 * : 如果 destLongName 為現有資料夾，則執行失敗 */ static pair<BOOL, string> moveFileOrDir(IN const string& srcLongName, IN const string& destLongName); /* *Function : removeFile *Description : 刪除檔案 *Modify : 2020.09.15 *Input : IN const string& fileLongName，檔名 *Return : pair<BOOL, string>，<函式是否執行成功，執行失敗時的錯誤資訊> *Caution : */ static pair<BOOL, string> removeFile(IN const string& fileLongName); /* *Function : removeDir *Description : 刪除目錄 *Modify : 2020.09.16 *Input : IN const string& dirLongName，目錄名 *Return : pair<BOOL, string>，<函式是否執行成功，執行失敗時的錯誤資訊> *Caution : 目錄末尾不能有斜槓，e.g. 正確傳參：/root/xxx，錯誤傳參：/root/xxx/ */ static pair<BOOL, string> removeDir(IN const string& dirLongName); /* *Function : copyFile *Description : 複製檔案 *Modify : 2020.09.16 *Input : IN const string& srcFileLongName，原始檔名 * : IN const string& destLongFileName，目標檔名 *Return : pair<BOOL, string>，<函式是否執行成功，執行失敗時的錯誤資訊> *Caution : */ static pair<BOOL, string> copyFile(IN const string& srcFileLongName, IN const string& destLongFileName); /* *Function : copyDir *Description : 複製目錄 *Modify : 2020.09.15 *Input : IN const string& dirLongName，源目錄名 * : IN string& destDirPath，目標目錄名 *Return : pair<BOOL, string>，<函式是否執行成功，執行失敗時的錯誤資訊> *Caution : 目錄末尾不能有斜槓，e.g. 正確傳參：/root/xxx，錯誤傳參：/root/xxx/ * : */ static pair<BOOL, string> copyDir(IN const string& srcDirPath, IN const string& destDirPath); /* *Function : truncateFile *Description : 截斷檔案 *Modify : 2020.09.15 *Input : IN const string& fileLongName，檔名 * : IN const DLONG len，檔案長度截斷為長度 len *Return : pair<BOOL, string>，<函式是否執行成功，執行失敗時的錯誤資訊> *Caution : 如果檔案先前大於此大小，則多餘的資料會丟失 * : 如果檔案先前較短，則將其擴充套件，擴充套件部分填充為空位元組（'\0'） * : 截斷後 struct stat 的 st_size 變為 len */ static pair<BOOL, string> truncateFile(IN const string& fileLongName, IN const DLONG len); }; //FileOperation()
FileOperation.cpp
#include "FileOperation.h" pair<BOOL, string> FileOperation::getDirSize(IN const string& dirLongName, OUT DLONG& dirSize) { DIR* pDir = opendir(dirLongName.c_str()); if (NULL != pDir) { struct dirent* pDirent = NULL; struct stat fileStat; string fileLongNameTmp; while (NULL != (pDirent = readdir(pDir))) { if (0 == strcmp(pDirent->d_name, ".") || 0 == strcmp(pDirent->d_name, "..")) { continue; } else if (DT_DIR != pDirent->d_type) { fileLongNameTmp = dirLongName + "/" + pDirent->d_name; if (0 == stat(fileLongNameTmp.c_str(), &fileStat)) { dirSize += fileStat.st_size; } else { return make_pair(false, "file long name: " + fileLongNameTmp + ", error message: " + strerror(errno)); } } else { pair<BOOL, string> exeStat = getDirSize(dirLongName + "/" + pDirent->d_name, dirSize); if (false == exeStat.first) { return exeStat; } } } return make_pair(true, ""); } else { return make_pair(false, "dir long name: " + dirLongName + ", error message: " + strerror(errno)); } } //getDirSize() pair<BOOL, string> FileOperation::getDirSizeAndMaxFileSize(IN const string& dirLongName, OUT DLONG& dirSize, OUT DLONG& maxFileSize) { DIR* pDir = opendir(dirLongName.c_str()); if (NULL != pDir) { struct dirent* pDirent = NULL; struct stat fileStat; string fileLongNameTmp; while (NULL != (pDirent = readdir(pDir))) { if (0 == strcmp(pDirent->d_name, ".") || 0 == strcmp(pDirent->d_name, "..")) { continue; } else if (DT_DIR != pDirent->d_type) { fileLongNameTmp = dirLongName + "/" + pDirent->d_name; if (0 == stat(fileLongNameTmp.c_str(), &fileStat)) { dirSize += fileStat.st_size; if (fileStat.st_size > maxFileSize) { maxFileSize = fileStat.st_size; } } else { return make_pair(false, "file long name: " + fileLongNameTmp + ", error message: " + strerror(errno)); } } else { pair<BOOL, string> exeStat = getDirSizeAndMaxFileSize(dirLongName + "/" + pDirent->d_name, dirSize, maxFileSize); if (false == exeStat.first) { return exeStat; } } } return make_pair(true, ""); } else { return make_pair(false, "dir long name: " + dirLongName + ", error message: " + strerror(errno)); } } //getDirSizeAndMaxFileSize() pair<BOOL, string> FileOperation::getFileSize(IN const string& fileLongName, OUT DLONG& fileSize) { fileSize = 0; struct stat fileStat; if (0 == stat(fileLongName.c_str(), &fileStat)) { fileSize = fileStat.st_size; return make_pair(true, ""); } else { return make_pair(false, "file long name: " + fileLongName + ", error message: " + strerror(errno)); } } //getFileSize() pair<BOOL, string> FileOperation::getDiskSpace(IN const string& diskPath, OUT DLONG& totalSpace, OUT DLONG& freeSpace) { totalSpace = 0; freeSpace = 0; struct statfs diskStatfs; if (statfs(diskPath.c_str(), &diskStatfs) >= 0) { totalSpace = (DLONG)diskStatfs.f_bsize * (DLONG)diskStatfs.f_blocks; freeSpace = (DLONG)diskStatfs.f_bsize * (DLONG)diskStatfs.f_bfree; return make_pair(true, ""); } else { return make_pair(false, "disk path: " + diskPath + ", error message: " + strerror(errno)); } } //getDiskSpace() pair<BOOL, string> FileOperation::getAllFileShortNamesInDir(IN const string& dirLongName, OUT vector<string>& allFileShortNames) { DIR* pDir = opendir(dirLongName.c_str()); if (NULL != pDir) { struct dirent* pDirent = NULL; struct stat fileStat; while (NULL != (pDirent = readdir(pDir))) { if (0 == strcmp(pDirent->d_name, ".") || 0 == strcmp(pDirent->d_name, "..")) { continue; } else if (DT_DIR != pDirent->d_type) { allFileShortNames.emplace_back(pDirent->d_name); } else { pair<BOOL, string> exeStat = getAllFileShortNamesInDir(dirLongName + "/" + pDirent->d_name, allFileShortNames); if (false == exeStat.first) { return exeStat; } } } return make_pair(true, ""); } else { return make_pair(false, "dir long name: " + dirLongName + ", error message: " + strerror(errno)); } } //getAllFileShortNamesInDir() pair<BOOL, string> FileOperation::getAllFileLongNamesInDir(IN const string& dirLongName, OUT vector<string>& allFileLongNames) { DIR* pDir = opendir(dirLongName.c_str()); if (NULL != pDir) { struct dirent* pDirent = NULL; struct stat fileStat; while (NULL != (pDirent = readdir(pDir))) { if (0 == strcmp(pDirent->d_name, ".") || 0 == strcmp(pDirent->d_name, "..")) { continue; } else if (DT_DIR != pDirent->d_type) { allFileLongNames.emplace_back(dirLongName + "/" + pDirent->d_name); } else { pair<BOOL, string> exeStat = getAllFileLongNamesInDir(dirLongName + "/" + pDirent->d_name, allFileLongNames); if (false == exeStat.first) { return exeStat; } } } return make_pair(true, ""); } else { return make_pair(false, "dir long name: " + dirLongName + ", error message: " + strerror(errno)); } } //getAllFileLongNamesInDir() pair<BOOL, string> FileOperation::moveFileOrDir(IN const string& srcLongName, IN const string& destLongName) { if (0 == rename(srcLongName.c_str(), destLongName.c_str())) { return make_pair(true, ""); } else { return make_pair(false, "src file long name: " + srcLongName + ", dest file long name: " + destLongName + ", error message: " + strerror(errno)); } } //moveFileOrDir() pair<BOOL, string> FileOperation::removeFile(IN const string& fileLongName) { if (0 == remove(fileLongName.c_str())) { return make_pair(true, ""); } else { return make_pair(false, "file long name: " + fileLongName + ", error message: " + strerror(errno)); } } //removeFile() pair<BOOL, string> FileOperation::removeDir(IN const string& dirLongName) { DIR* pDir = opendir(dirLongName.c_str()); if (NULL != pDir) { struct dirent* pDirent = NULL; struct stat fileStat; while (NULL != (pDirent = readdir(pDir))) { if (0 == strcmp(pDirent->d_name, ".") || 0 == strcmp(pDirent->d_name, "..")) { continue; } else if (DT_DIR != pDirent->d_type) { pair<BOOL, string> exeStat = removeFile(dirLongName + "/" + pDirent->d_name); if (false == exeStat.first) { return exeStat; } } else { pair<BOOL, string> exeStat = removeDir(dirLongName + "/" + pDirent->d_name); if (false == exeStat.first) { return exeStat; } } } return make_pair(true, ""); } else { return make_pair(false, "dir long name: " + dirLongName + ", error message: " + strerror(errno)); } } //removeDir() pair<BOOL, string> FileOperation::copyFile(IN const string& srcFileLongName, IN const string& destLongFileName) { INT len = 0; FILE* pSrcFile = NULL; FILE* pDestFile = NULL; UINT bufferSize = 1 * 1024 * 1024; //設定的過大也不會對效能有什麼顯著提升 vector<CHAR> buffer(bufferSize, 0); if (NULL == (pSrcFile = fopen(srcFileLongName.c_str(), "rb"))) { return make_pair(false, "source file long name: " + srcFileLongName + ", error message: " + strerror(errno)); } if (NULL == (pDestFile = fopen(destLongFileName.c_str(), "wb"))) { return make_pair(false, "dest file long name: " + destLongFileName + ", error message: " + strerror(errno)); } while ((len = fread(&buffer[0], sizeof(BYTE), bufferSize, pSrcFile)) > 0) { fwrite(&buffer[0], sizeof(CHAR), len, pDestFile); } fclose(pDestFile); fclose(pSrcFile); return make_pair(true, ""); } //copyFile() pair<BOOL, string> FileOperation::copyDir(IN const string& srcDirPath, IN const string& destDirPath) { if (0 != mkdir(destDirPath.c_str(), 00777)) { return make_pair(false, "dest dir path: " + destDirPath + ", error message: " + strerror(errno)); } DIR* pDir = opendir(srcDirPath.c_str()); if (NULL != pDir) { struct dirent* pDirent = NULL; while (NULL != (pDirent = readdir(pDir))) { if (0 == strcmp(pDirent->d_name, ".") || 0 == strcmp(pDirent->d_name, "..")) { continue; } else if (DT_DIR != pDirent->d_type) { pair<BOOL, string> exeStat = copyFile(srcDirPath + "/" + pDirent->d_name, destDirPath + "/" + pDirent->d_name); if (false == exeStat.first) { return exeStat; } } else { pair<BOOL, string> exeStat = copyDir(srcDirPath + "/" + pDirent->d_name, destDirPath + "/" + pDirent->d_name); if (false == exeStat.first) { return exeStat; } } } return make_pair(true, ""); } else { return make_pair(false, "source dir path: " + srcDirPath + ", error message: " + strerror(errno)); } } //copyDir() pair<BOOL, string> FileOperation::truncateFile(IN const string& fileLongName, IN const DLONG len) { if (0 == truncate(fileLongName.c_str(), len)) { return make_pair(true, ""); } else { return make_pair(false, "file long name: " + fileLongName + ", error message: " + strerror(errno)); } } //truncateFile()