Given a binary search tree (BST), find the lowest common ancestor (LCA) of two given nodes in the BST.

According to the definition of LCA on Wikipedia: “The lowest common ancestor is defined between two nodes v and w as the lowest node in T that has both v and w as descendants (where we allow a node to be a descendant of itself).”

        _______6______
       /              \
    ___2__          ___8__
   /      \        /      \
   0      _4       7       9
         /  \
         3   5

For example, the lowest common ancestor (LCA) of nodes 2 and 8 is 6. Another example is LCA of nodes 2 and 4 is 2, since a node can be a descendant of itself according to the LCA definition.

解法一：

class Solution {
public:
    TreeNode* lowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode* root, TreeNode* p, TreeNode* q) {
        if (!root) return NULL;
        if (root->val > max(p->val, q->val)) 
            return lowestCommonAncestor(root->left, p, q);
        else if (root->val < min(p->val, q->val)) 
            
 
return lowestCommonAncestor(root->right, p, q);
        else return root;
    }
};

當然，此題也有非遞迴的寫法，用個while迴圈來代替遞迴呼叫即可，然後不停的更新當前的根節點，也能實現同樣的效果，程式碼如下：

解法二：

class Solution {
public:
    TreeNode* lowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode* root, TreeNode* p, TreeNode* q) {
        while (true) {
            if (root->val > max(p->val, q->val)) root = root->left;
            else if (root->val < min(p->val, q->val)) root = root->right;
            else break;
        }      
        return root;
    }
};